Based on the theory of resettlement supervision and its practices, the main problems in the practices of resettlement supervision and assessment of water resource and hydropower projects are discussed, and the corresponding suggestions for improvement are given. According to the current industry institutional framework for the supervision and evaluation of water resource and hydropower projects in China, the existing problems in the current stage of practices due to the defects in the policies, systems and management of resettlement supervision and assessment are deeply analyzed, and on this basis, some suggestions for improvement are put forward from the perspective of the government, the two sides of supervision and the society so as to provide reference for the further improvement of the resettlement supervision and assessment mechanism for water resource and hydropower projects.