Based on the models for ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of water resources, an evaluation index system including ecological surplus(deficit)per capita of water resources, ecological pressure index of water resources and ecological footprint of water resources of ten thousand yuan GDP is established to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of ecological footprint of water resources in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2018. The results show that in terms of time series, the ecological footprint of water resources in Jiangxi Province and prefecture-level cities generally has an increasing trend, and the ecological carrying capacity of water resources fluctuates greatly. In terms of spatial distribution, the ecological footprint and carrying capacity of water resources in Ganzhou City and Yichun City are in the forefront of Jiangxi Province, and there are great differences among other cities. Nanchang City has the ecological deficit per capita of water resources in some years, and its ecological pressure index of water resources is relatively large. However, the ecological footprint of water resources of ten thousand yuan GDP is low, and the utilization efficiency of water resources is the highest in Jiangxi Province.