Based on the risk and opportunity of the shipping industry under the new situation, the financing problems of small and medium-sized shipping companies in China are analyzed. Firstly the current financing situations and characteristics of the small and medium-sized shipping companies are reviewed. And then the basic financing ways of shipping enterprises are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges of small and medium-sized shipping companies under the strategic background of "One Belt and One Road" are further analyzed. Finally some policy suggestions are put forward to improve the financing environment for small and medium-sized shipping companies from three aspects of the government, financial institutions and enterprises.