Gravity model and Penman formula were used to measure the grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin. Based on environmental, economic and social dimensions, the influence of grain virtual water flow on the spatial equilibrium of water resources in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed by comparing the Gini coefficient under the presence or not of virtual water flow. The results show that in the grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin in 2018, the flow of grain virtual water and virtual blue water in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia were net outflow; those two kinds of flow in Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai were net inflow. The grain virtual water flow interprovincially of the Yellow River Basin can promote the spatial equilibrium of water resources to a certain extent in the environmental, economic and social dimensions, and the promotion effect in the environmental dimension is relatively weak.