Based on the panel data of 100 prefecture level cities in 9 provinces and regions along the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2017, this paper constructed a regression model and adopted the fixed effect estimation method to investigate the impact of environmental regulation and the upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure on the growth efficiency of green economy in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that at present, the environmental regulation and the upgrading process of industrial structure in the Yellow River Basin were all helpful to improve the growth efficiency of green economy in the whole basin, while the rationalization process of industrial structure didnt show obvious promotion effect on the growth efficiency of green economy. In the Yellow River Basin, the environmental regulation had promotion effect on the growth efficiency of green economy through the two aspects of upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure. In the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, environmental regulation significantly improved the growth efficiency of green economy. At the same time, its interaction with the upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure also had significant promotion effect on the growth efficiency of green economy in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin.