黔中平寨水库保护区非点源污染风险评价与敏感区域识别
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X820.4,X522

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贵州省科技厅黔科合重大专项(〔2012〕6009-7)


Risk assessment of non-point source pollution and sensitive region recognition to Pingzhai Reservoir protection areas in central Guizhou
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    摘要:

    以黔中平寨水库保护区和准保护区为研究对象,采集了干流断面水样59个,支流断面水样41个,和88个土壤样品,分析评价流域的非点源污染现状,并用GIS进行空间解析。结果表明,枯水期时,流域水质以Ⅰ类居多,占观测点个数的59.62%,Ⅱ~Ⅲ类占15.38%,Ⅳ类占5.77%,Ⅴ类占9.62%;丰水期时,水质以Ⅳ类居多,占72.92%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类只占22.91%,Ⅴ类占4.17%,主要超标指标为TN、NH3-N、TP,流域呈现出非点源污染的典型特征。通过评价土地利用因子(L)、径流因子(Q)、距离因子(D),利用改进的理想解法(TOPSIS)确定各因子所占的权重,得到流域非点源污染风险评价指数,并将流域划分为4类敏感控制区域。其中,中度敏感区分布较为均匀,主要是靠近水系的坡耕地区域,应对坡耕地进行种植区划调整,并加强对肥料等农用化学品的管理;而高度敏感区域主要分布在准保护区,其污染源主要是城镇生活污水和煤矿开采废水,应加快该区域城镇生活污水集中处置和煤矿废水治理工程的建设力度。

    Abstract:

    Taking Pingzhai Reservoir Protection Area and Quasi-protection Area as the study object, we collected 59 water samples from the trunk stream section and 41 ones from the branch stream section, and 88 soil samples to analyze and evaluate the situation of non-point source pollution in the basin, and made a space analysis by GIS. The results show that, in the low water period, the water quality of class I accounted for 59. 62% in all water samples, class Ⅱ~Ⅲ accounted for 15. 38%, class Ⅳ accounted for 5. 77%, class V accounted for 9. 62%; In the high water period, the ratio of class IV water was as much as 72. 92%, classⅠ~Ⅲ accounted for 22. 91%, class V accounted for 4. 17%, and the main index exceeding standards are TN、NH3-N and TP, showing a typical characteristics of non-point source pollution. The weights of land utilization factor(L)、runoff factor(Q)and distance factor(D)were determined by the modified TOPSIS, getting the risk assessment index of non-point source pollution. The research areas were divided into 4 categories of sensitive control areas according to the risk assessment index. Among them, moderately sensitive areas was mainly distributed in the slope farmland near the river, so we should adjustment planting structure and strengthen the management of fertilizer and other agricultural chemicals in these areas. Highly sensitive regions were mainly distributed in urban residential areas, the main source of pollution were the urban sewage and coal mining wastewater, so we should promote the construction of urban sewage and coal mine wastewater disposal system.

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涂刚琴,刘鸿雁,赵志鹏,等.黔中平寨水库保护区非点源污染风险评价与敏感区域识别[J].水资源保护,2015,31(4):87-93.(TU Gangqin, LIU Hongyan, ZHAO Zhipeng, et al. Risk assessment of non-point source pollution and sensitive region recognition to Pingzhai Reservoir protection areas in central Guizhou[J]. Water Resources Protection,2015,31(4):87-93.(in Chinese))

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-08-03
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