In this paper, the implications and theoretical basis of ecological landscape planning for an urban river system are summarized, and a general method is developed. Based on the current functions of urban river systems, landscape spatial structure, and urban internal location factors, diagnostic analysis of the river network is conducted, and a governance scheme that meets the requirements of modern urban ecological landscapes is designed. The scheme was applied to a plain river network in Tongli Town, in the Wujiang District. The results show that the framework of the ecological landscape planning scheme for an urban river system based on spatial analysis is applicable to river system management in medium and small-scale regions’ river networks, and is beneficial to the construction of urban ecological civilizations and the improvement of urban environmental quality.