To know the effects of spring runoff on nutrient storage and algae development in Chaohu Lake, runoff samples from three urban underlying surfaces of grassland, living quarters and highway were monitored and tested during 12 rain events, from March to May in the year of 2013—2015 in Hefei City. Results indicated that the average EMCs( event mean concentrations)of TN、NH⁺₄-N、COD and TP from living quarters and highway were 4. 8、2. 5、4. 3、2. 4 and 3. 7、2. 0、3. 6、2. 3 times of the fifth level Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB3838-2002), average EMCs of SS were 7. 5 and 13. 5 times of the second lever Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978—1996), and EMCs of NO_x-N were 1. 63、2. 39mg/L respectively. Person coefficient analysis indicated that TN、NH⁺₄-N and NO_x-N were positively related with each other, and COD was related with nitrogen. By tracing and analyzing COD、TN、TP and SS in the living quarters. , their concentration-time change curves and M(V)curves analysis showed that the first flush phenomenon occurred in spring rainfall runoff, and runoff pollution could be handled by controlling the first runoff.