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2023,39(1):1-7 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.001
Abstract:
The development process of water resources protection and utilization management practice in China is analyzed, which can be divided into three stages of passive management stage, active management stage and intelligent management stage. The basic concept, basic principle, basic theory, scientific meaning and implementation pattern of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization are put forward, and the systematic cognition of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization is formed in theory. Based on the five interrelated components of “what”, “what water”, “what to decide”, “how to decide” and “how to manage”, the key technology system of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization is put forward. The future development of technology and management innovation in “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization in China is pointed out.
The development process of water resources protection and utilization management practice in China is analyzed, which can be divided into three stages of passive management stage, active management stage and intelligent management stage. The basic concept, basic principle, basic theory, scientific meaning and implementation pattern of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization are put forward, and the systematic cognition of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization is formed in theory. Based on the five interrelated components of “what”, “what water”, “what to decide”, “how to decide” and “how to manage”, the key technology system of “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization is put forward. The future development of technology and management innovation in “basing four aspects on water resources” in water resources protection and utilization in China is pointed out.
2023,39(1):8-14, 56 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.002
Abstract:
This paper establishes a research framework in allusion to water resource behavior regulation under carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, including action mechanism of water resource behaviors on the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, as well as quantitative and regulation research of water resource behaviors acting on carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Then, three key issues are depicted, including relationship and action mechanism between water resource behaviors and carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, action function determination and quantitative evaluation of water resource behaviors on carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, regulation mechanism and quantitative description of water resource behaviors oriented to carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, and the corresponding research methods of above three problems are introduced. Additionally, further research directions are prospected from four aspects, including the action mechanism and quantitative assessment of water resource behaviors, as well as the regulation model and practical application of water resources behaviors.
This paper establishes a research framework in allusion to water resource behavior regulation under carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, including action mechanism of water resource behaviors on the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, as well as quantitative and regulation research of water resource behaviors acting on carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Then, three key issues are depicted, including relationship and action mechanism between water resource behaviors and carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, action function determination and quantitative evaluation of water resource behaviors on carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, regulation mechanism and quantitative description of water resource behaviors oriented to carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, and the corresponding research methods of above three problems are introduced. Additionally, further research directions are prospected from four aspects, including the action mechanism and quantitative assessment of water resource behaviors, as well as the regulation model and practical application of water resources behaviors.
2023,39(1):15-21, 48 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.003
Abstract:
For the reservoirs used to regulate local surface water resources, new dispatching rules need to be formulated due to the influence of multiple water sources to improve the water resource utilization efficiency. Considering the low regulation and storage capacity of unconventional water, water transfer and supply rules are set for the reservoirs in the water receiving area on the basis of priority allocation of unconventional water, and the reservoir optimal operation model considering the efficiency of water transfer and supply is established. The ideal point method and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the operation rules. Taking the Mishan Reservoir in Weihai City as an example, the results show that compared with the standard operation strategy, the optimized reservoir operation rules reduce the average annual water transfer by 26.924 million m3 and the annual average waste water by 4.175 million m3. The utilization ratio of natural incoming water and external transferred water is improved. The dependence of external water transfer in dry years is higher than that in wet years and normal years, and the average water transfer volume is only reduced by 3.98 million m3. Under this regulation, the assurance rate of agricultural water supply can be increased from 75% to 88.4% by reducing the amount of external water transfer and increasing the allocation of unconventional water.
For the reservoirs used to regulate local surface water resources, new dispatching rules need to be formulated due to the influence of multiple water sources to improve the water resource utilization efficiency. Considering the low regulation and storage capacity of unconventional water, water transfer and supply rules are set for the reservoirs in the water receiving area on the basis of priority allocation of unconventional water, and the reservoir optimal operation model considering the efficiency of water transfer and supply is established. The ideal point method and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the operation rules. Taking the Mishan Reservoir in Weihai City as an example, the results show that compared with the standard operation strategy, the optimized reservoir operation rules reduce the average annual water transfer by 26.924 million m3 and the annual average waste water by 4.175 million m3. The utilization ratio of natural incoming water and external transferred water is improved. The dependence of external water transfer in dry years is higher than that in wet years and normal years, and the average water transfer volume is only reduced by 3.98 million m3. Under this regulation, the assurance rate of agricultural water supply can be increased from 75% to 88.4% by reducing the amount of external water transfer and increasing the allocation of unconventional water.
2023,39(1):22-31 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.004
Abstract:
In view of multidimensional interwoven characteristics of water problems in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this study summarized the structures of five technically controllable and logically related water security regulation and control subsystems, including river regime control subsystem, inland waters environment and ecology regulation subsystem, outer river salt tide regulation subsystem, urban rainstorm and flood regulation subsystem, and outer river flood tide regulation subsystem, and discussed key mechanisms of the subsystems, the principle and key technologies for collaborative requlation, and the collaborative model algorithm framework. Then a theoretical framework of water security collaborative regulation and control in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maca Greater Bay Area was constructed. As a case study, the water security collaborative regulation and control theory was applied to Pearl River Estuary, providing new solutions for the systematic management of water problems in this area.
In view of multidimensional interwoven characteristics of water problems in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this study summarized the structures of five technically controllable and logically related water security regulation and control subsystems, including river regime control subsystem, inland waters environment and ecology regulation subsystem, outer river salt tide regulation subsystem, urban rainstorm and flood regulation subsystem, and outer river flood tide regulation subsystem, and discussed key mechanisms of the subsystems, the principle and key technologies for collaborative requlation, and the collaborative model algorithm framework. Then a theoretical framework of water security collaborative regulation and control in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maca Greater Bay Area was constructed. As a case study, the water security collaborative regulation and control theory was applied to Pearl River Estuary, providing new solutions for the systematic management of water problems in this area.
2023,39(1):32-41 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.005
Abstract:
Facing the problems of frequent salt intrusion disasters, river water drought and increasing demand for water supply in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), situation of salt intrusion and the dominant problems of Pearl River Estuary is analyzed systematically, and the movement mechanism and upward trend of salt tide in Pearl River Estuary are revealed. Combined with the characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of water resources and the patterns of water intake, storage and supply, a new comprehensive prevention and control system of saltwater intrusion in GBA is created with comprehensive consideration of the three-level measures, These three-level measures consist of upstream water replenishment to press saltwater, midstream water storage to avoid saltwater, and downstream engineering measures to prevent saltwater.
Facing the problems of frequent salt intrusion disasters, river water drought and increasing demand for water supply in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), situation of salt intrusion and the dominant problems of Pearl River Estuary is analyzed systematically, and the movement mechanism and upward trend of salt tide in Pearl River Estuary are revealed. Combined with the characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of water resources and the patterns of water intake, storage and supply, a new comprehensive prevention and control system of saltwater intrusion in GBA is created with comprehensive consideration of the three-level measures, These three-level measures consist of upstream water replenishment to press saltwater, midstream water storage to avoid saltwater, and downstream engineering measures to prevent saltwater.
2023,39(1):42-48 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.006
Abstract:
As tide and runoff are two main dynamic factors of saltwater intrusion in estuary, a salinity statistical model for Modaomen during dry season was established using the least square fitting method, considering different effects of short-time scale tidal range variation and long-time scale runoff variation on saltwater intrusion. Then the model was further improved through filtering the runoff influence, and a revised salinity statistical model was developed. The comparison of measured values with calculated values of statistical models shows that both the salinity statistical model and the revised salinity statistical model can reflect the temporal variation of daily characteristic salinity in Modaomen of the Pearl River Estuary during the dry season. The relative error of mean salinity from the statistical model is about 23.4%, while that of the revised one is about 2.1%, indicating that the revised salinity statistical model has a higher precision, therefore it has better practicability.
As tide and runoff are two main dynamic factors of saltwater intrusion in estuary, a salinity statistical model for Modaomen during dry season was established using the least square fitting method, considering different effects of short-time scale tidal range variation and long-time scale runoff variation on saltwater intrusion. Then the model was further improved through filtering the runoff influence, and a revised salinity statistical model was developed. The comparison of measured values with calculated values of statistical models shows that both the salinity statistical model and the revised salinity statistical model can reflect the temporal variation of daily characteristic salinity in Modaomen of the Pearl River Estuary during the dry season. The relative error of mean salinity from the statistical model is about 23.4%, while that of the revised one is about 2.1%, indicating that the revised salinity statistical model has a higher precision, therefore it has better practicability.
2023,39(1):49-56 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.007
Abstract:
To study the characteristics of propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in Southwest China, observation data of 101 meteorological stations and monthly runoff data of 8 hydrological stations in Southwest China from 1968 to 2017 were used to calculate standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized runoff index (SRI). The drought response time (DRT) was determined based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), which was used to identify, pool and exclude the drought events combined with the run theory. The linear drought propagation model was constructed and the trigger thresholds of propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in part of the basins of Southwest China were determined. The results indicate that the DRT in Southwest China is 2-7 months and the sensitivity distribution of hydrological drought is consistent with the drought translation rate of meteorological drought. The duration of hydrological drought event is longer in the basins with smaller propagation threshold of drought intensity.
To study the characteristics of propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in Southwest China, observation data of 101 meteorological stations and monthly runoff data of 8 hydrological stations in Southwest China from 1968 to 2017 were used to calculate standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized runoff index (SRI). The drought response time (DRT) was determined based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), which was used to identify, pool and exclude the drought events combined with the run theory. The linear drought propagation model was constructed and the trigger thresholds of propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in part of the basins of Southwest China were determined. The results indicate that the DRT in Southwest China is 2-7 months and the sensitivity distribution of hydrological drought is consistent with the drought translation rate of meteorological drought. The duration of hydrological drought event is longer in the basins with smaller propagation threshold of drought intensity.
2023,39(1):57-62, 72 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.008
Abstract:
In order to understand the propagation law from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in the Tarim River Basin under the impact of human activities, the variation characteristics of meteorological and hydrological drought were analyzed based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI), and the impact of human activities on the propagation law from meteorological drought to hydrological drought was discussed. The results show that the meteorological and hydrological drought in the source region both show a weakening trend. While in the mainstream region, the meteorological drought shows a weakening trend and the hydrological drought is the opposite. As the time scale increases, the drought duration increases. After being affected by human activities (after 1993), the occurrence frequency of meteorological and hydrological drought in the source region as well as the meteorological drought in the mainstream region all decrease only with the occurrence frequency of hydrological drought in the mainstream region increasing. After being affected by human activities, the propagation time from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in different seasons in the source region becomes longer, but the drought propagation time in the mainstream region is shortened except in spring. The extension of drought propagation time in the source region is related to climate change, while the shortened drought propagation time in the mainstream region is mainly affected by human activities.
In order to understand the propagation law from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in the Tarim River Basin under the impact of human activities, the variation characteristics of meteorological and hydrological drought were analyzed based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI), and the impact of human activities on the propagation law from meteorological drought to hydrological drought was discussed. The results show that the meteorological and hydrological drought in the source region both show a weakening trend. While in the mainstream region, the meteorological drought shows a weakening trend and the hydrological drought is the opposite. As the time scale increases, the drought duration increases. After being affected by human activities (after 1993), the occurrence frequency of meteorological and hydrological drought in the source region as well as the meteorological drought in the mainstream region all decrease only with the occurrence frequency of hydrological drought in the mainstream region increasing. After being affected by human activities, the propagation time from meteorological drought to hydrological drought in different seasons in the source region becomes longer, but the drought propagation time in the mainstream region is shortened except in spring. The extension of drought propagation time in the source region is related to climate change, while the shortened drought propagation time in the mainstream region is mainly affected by human activities.
2023,39(1):63-72 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.009
Abstract:
On the basis of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the traditional 3D drought identification method is improved to extract more characteristic variables that can reflect the spatial dynamic evolution process of drought. Then the spatio-temporal patterns of classified droughts are analyzed. The results show that the improved 3D drought identification method can accurately extract spatio-temporal continuous drought events, and improve the visualization of spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of drought. From 1960 to 2018, the meteorological drought events in Northwest China were mainly in the same direction of migration. The northern part of Qinghai Province and the central part of Gansu Province were the two main drought centers, and showed a trend of gradually shortening the duration and decreasing the proportion of large-scale drought events. The seasonal continuous drought events in Northwest China are mostly concentrated in Qinghai Province. The continuous drought events in spring, summer and autumn migrate from southeast to northwest, and the continuous drought events in summer, autumn and winter migrate from southwest to northeast. The migration rate of the two seasonal continuous drought events is relatively fast in the late development period.
On the basis of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the traditional 3D drought identification method is improved to extract more characteristic variables that can reflect the spatial dynamic evolution process of drought. Then the spatio-temporal patterns of classified droughts are analyzed. The results show that the improved 3D drought identification method can accurately extract spatio-temporal continuous drought events, and improve the visualization of spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of drought. From 1960 to 2018, the meteorological drought events in Northwest China were mainly in the same direction of migration. The northern part of Qinghai Province and the central part of Gansu Province were the two main drought centers, and showed a trend of gradually shortening the duration and decreasing the proportion of large-scale drought events. The seasonal continuous drought events in Northwest China are mostly concentrated in Qinghai Province. The continuous drought events in spring, summer and autumn migrate from southeast to northwest, and the continuous drought events in summer, autumn and winter migrate from southwest to northeast. The migration rate of the two seasonal continuous drought events is relatively fast in the late development period.
2023,39(1):73-78, 92 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.010
Abstract:
To solve the problem that existing set pair potential methods hardly reflect the uncertainty of connection number, it was proposed to regard the subtraction set pair potential of ternary connection number as a random variable obeying a normal distribution, with the confidence interval at 95% confidence level used to reflect the uncertainty, and a drought risk analysis model based on confidence interval estimation of connection number set pair potential was established. Suzhou City was used as an example to verify the model, and the drought risk evaluation results of Suzhou City with the proposed model are consistent with those of subtraction set pair potential and semi-partial subtraction set pair potential methods, demonstrating that the drought risk analysis model based on the confidence interval estimation of connection number set pair potentials is reasonable and effective. The evaluation result obtained with this model is not a value, but a confidence probability interval, which provides more information on the reliability of the evaluation result, and can better reflect the actual situation of drought risk comprehensively affected by a variety of uncertainties. The proposed model in this study has application prospect in uncertainty analysis and evaluation problems of water resources protection systems.
To solve the problem that existing set pair potential methods hardly reflect the uncertainty of connection number, it was proposed to regard the subtraction set pair potential of ternary connection number as a random variable obeying a normal distribution, with the confidence interval at 95% confidence level used to reflect the uncertainty, and a drought risk analysis model based on confidence interval estimation of connection number set pair potential was established. Suzhou City was used as an example to verify the model, and the drought risk evaluation results of Suzhou City with the proposed model are consistent with those of subtraction set pair potential and semi-partial subtraction set pair potential methods, demonstrating that the drought risk analysis model based on the confidence interval estimation of connection number set pair potentials is reasonable and effective. The evaluation result obtained with this model is not a value, but a confidence probability interval, which provides more information on the reliability of the evaluation result, and can better reflect the actual situation of drought risk comprehensively affected by a variety of uncertainties. The proposed model in this study has application prospect in uncertainty analysis and evaluation problems of water resources protection systems.
2023,39(1):79-82 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.011
Abstract:
Two concepts of flood risk are probed in this paper, and the exact meaning of current flood control standards and annual standard flood frequency curve are discussed. Based on annual standard flood frequency curve, a new method to diagnose flood control standards of the manage-flood is proposed. The approach of manage-flood calculation using Copula function is introduced, and its flood risk structure is studied. A case study of flood at Mabian station in the Mabian River shows that the sampling flood series in Copula function approach is not in accord with requirements of flood control; the obtained flood control standards of manage-flood exceed current flood control standards, flood risk would be increased, and water project scale would be enlarged.
Two concepts of flood risk are probed in this paper, and the exact meaning of current flood control standards and annual standard flood frequency curve are discussed. Based on annual standard flood frequency curve, a new method to diagnose flood control standards of the manage-flood is proposed. The approach of manage-flood calculation using Copula function is introduced, and its flood risk structure is studied. A case study of flood at Mabian station in the Mabian River shows that the sampling flood series in Copula function approach is not in accord with requirements of flood control; the obtained flood control standards of manage-flood exceed current flood control standards, flood risk would be increased, and water project scale would be enlarged.
2023,39(1):83-92 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.012
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of sponge reconstruction on urban flooding/waterlogging and effectively improve the resilience of cities to flooding problems, a sponge reconstruction effect analysis was carried out in Jin’an River drainage district of Fuzhou City. Seven sponge reconstruction schemes were designed based on coupled simulation of the district’s pipeline network, ground surface, and rivers with the InfoWorks ICM model, and the calculation results of different schemes were evaluated. Furthermore, with a typical drainage area near Qinting Lake as the object, flooding responses under the cooperative measures of the sponge city construction and joint scheduling of lakes and reservoirs were quantified and analyzed. The results show that the constructed model can effectively simulate the rainstorm waterlogging process in the Jin’an River drainage district, and influences of different sponge reconstruction measures are different on the maximum inundation area, the number of overflow nodes, the number of surcharged pipes, and the water level of different sections of the main river channel; the comprehensive benefit is the best under the combination of the whole-area sponge reconstruction and pipe network optimization. Under the Soudelor typhoon rainfall, the total inundation area of the drainage area without adopting sponge reconstruction measures was 22.87 hm2, which was reduced to 22.48 hm2 after adoption of the sustainable urban drainage system(SUDS), and further to 9.83 hm2 after incorporation of the scheduling rules, demonstrating that the effect of source sponge modification is limited in face of extreme rainfall, and combining SUDS with lake and reservoir scheduling can effectively mitigate flooding problems in the study area.
In order to study the influence of sponge reconstruction on urban flooding/waterlogging and effectively improve the resilience of cities to flooding problems, a sponge reconstruction effect analysis was carried out in Jin’an River drainage district of Fuzhou City. Seven sponge reconstruction schemes were designed based on coupled simulation of the district’s pipeline network, ground surface, and rivers with the InfoWorks ICM model, and the calculation results of different schemes were evaluated. Furthermore, with a typical drainage area near Qinting Lake as the object, flooding responses under the cooperative measures of the sponge city construction and joint scheduling of lakes and reservoirs were quantified and analyzed. The results show that the constructed model can effectively simulate the rainstorm waterlogging process in the Jin’an River drainage district, and influences of different sponge reconstruction measures are different on the maximum inundation area, the number of overflow nodes, the number of surcharged pipes, and the water level of different sections of the main river channel; the comprehensive benefit is the best under the combination of the whole-area sponge reconstruction and pipe network optimization. Under the Soudelor typhoon rainfall, the total inundation area of the drainage area without adopting sponge reconstruction measures was 22.87 hm2, which was reduced to 22.48 hm2 after adoption of the sustainable urban drainage system(SUDS), and further to 9.83 hm2 after incorporation of the scheduling rules, demonstrating that the effect of source sponge modification is limited in face of extreme rainfall, and combining SUDS with lake and reservoir scheduling can effectively mitigate flooding problems in the study area.
2023,39(1):93-100 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.013
Abstract:
Aiming at the limitations of traditional vulnerability research, such as lack of consensus on concept and research framework, insufficient refinement of spatial scale, and weak dynamic simulation of coupling natural social and economic factors, this paper combs the research status and development trend of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability in three dimensions:cognition, measurement methods, and spatio-temporal simulation. In the future, it is necessary to continuously improve the theoretical system of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability, strengthen the research on quantitative measurement method of waterlogging vulnerability driven by big data and adaptive regulation of human behavior on vulnerability. Realize multi-scale and refined dynamic simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability to meet the needs of urban disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable development.
Aiming at the limitations of traditional vulnerability research, such as lack of consensus on concept and research framework, insufficient refinement of spatial scale, and weak dynamic simulation of coupling natural social and economic factors, this paper combs the research status and development trend of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability in three dimensions:cognition, measurement methods, and spatio-temporal simulation. In the future, it is necessary to continuously improve the theoretical system of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability, strengthen the research on quantitative measurement method of waterlogging vulnerability driven by big data and adaptive regulation of human behavior on vulnerability. Realize multi-scale and refined dynamic simulation of urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster vulnerability to meet the needs of urban disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable development.
2023,39(1):101-108 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.014
Abstract:
Flood/waterlogging risk analysis was conducted of the inland side of the Shenzhen River Basin based on key factors, including disasters inducing factors, disaster-pregnant environment, disaster-bearing body, and the capacity of disaster prevention and reduction. A flood/waterlogging risk evaluation index system of coastal cities was established, which was characterized by hazard risk resulted from the complex risk inducing factors with superposition of rain, flood, and tide as well as high vulnerability risk caused by high urbanization. The entropy weight was modified with the analytic hierarchy process to carry out the weight distribution of indicators, and the flood/waterlogging hazard risk, vulnerability risk, and comprehensive flood risk zoning were obtained. The results show that the southwest of Futian District to the southwest of Luohu District was identified to be a unity with extremely high risk of hazard and vulnerability, which deserves to be prioritized in flood/waterlogging prevention and mitigation in all aspects, while the low-vulnerability but high-hazard area should be given customized protection measures based on the leading risk factors. The flood/waterlogging risk evaluation index system of coastal cities can provide a necessary reference for government in disaster prevention and mitigation planning and emergency response, and it can also provide effective information for disaster prevention resources allocation and post-disaster reconstruction.
Flood/waterlogging risk analysis was conducted of the inland side of the Shenzhen River Basin based on key factors, including disasters inducing factors, disaster-pregnant environment, disaster-bearing body, and the capacity of disaster prevention and reduction. A flood/waterlogging risk evaluation index system of coastal cities was established, which was characterized by hazard risk resulted from the complex risk inducing factors with superposition of rain, flood, and tide as well as high vulnerability risk caused by high urbanization. The entropy weight was modified with the analytic hierarchy process to carry out the weight distribution of indicators, and the flood/waterlogging hazard risk, vulnerability risk, and comprehensive flood risk zoning were obtained. The results show that the southwest of Futian District to the southwest of Luohu District was identified to be a unity with extremely high risk of hazard and vulnerability, which deserves to be prioritized in flood/waterlogging prevention and mitigation in all aspects, while the low-vulnerability but high-hazard area should be given customized protection measures based on the leading risk factors. The flood/waterlogging risk evaluation index system of coastal cities can provide a necessary reference for government in disaster prevention and mitigation planning and emergency response, and it can also provide effective information for disaster prevention resources allocation and post-disaster reconstruction.
2023,39(1):109-118, 149 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.015
Abstract:
Based on the definition of hydrologic uncertainty and the classification of hydrologic simulation uncertainty under climate change, the basic paradigms of uncertainty research in climate change scenarios, hydrological models and assessment processes are summarized. The sources and impacts of each uncertainty are summarized, and the research progress of hydrological modeling uncertainty under climate change is summarized. The emphasis and direction of future research on the uncertainty of hydrological system simulation are prospected, which includes combining complex networks to enhance the reliability of extreme weather event prediction, scientifically deal with the problem of data time window and redundancy to provide support for runoff prediction in areas without data, and to reveal the occurrence law of non-stationary heteroscedasticity hydrological series under changing environment.
Based on the definition of hydrologic uncertainty and the classification of hydrologic simulation uncertainty under climate change, the basic paradigms of uncertainty research in climate change scenarios, hydrological models and assessment processes are summarized. The sources and impacts of each uncertainty are summarized, and the research progress of hydrological modeling uncertainty under climate change is summarized. The emphasis and direction of future research on the uncertainty of hydrological system simulation are prospected, which includes combining complex networks to enhance the reliability of extreme weather event prediction, scientifically deal with the problem of data time window and redundancy to provide support for runoff prediction in areas without data, and to reveal the occurrence law of non-stationary heteroscedasticity hydrological series under changing environment.
2023,39(1):119-126 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.016
Abstract:
The control basins of 8 major hydrologic stations (Zhimenda, Shigu, Pingshan, Gaochang, Beibei, Cuntan, Wulong, Yichang) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are selected as sub basins. Using their runoff and meteorological data from 1979 to 2015, the machine learning method was used to calculate the sensitivity of runoff to changes in precipitation and temperature, compared with the multiple linear regression method and the Budyko framework method, and further analyzed the contribution of precipitation and temperature changes to runoff changes. The results showed that the change trends of runoff and precipitation were not significant (p=0.01), and the temperature showed a significant upward trend (p<0.01) from 1979 to 2015. The average range of sensitivity coefficients of runoff to precipitation and temperature was 0.37~0.76mm/mm and -4.77~-33.53mm/℃, respectively. The sensitivity coefficient of runoff to precipitation and temperature decreases with the increase of drought index. The impact of precipitation change on runoff change is greater in the sub basin with large drought index, and the impact of temperature change on runoff change is greater in the sub basin with small drought index.
The control basins of 8 major hydrologic stations (Zhimenda, Shigu, Pingshan, Gaochang, Beibei, Cuntan, Wulong, Yichang) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are selected as sub basins. Using their runoff and meteorological data from 1979 to 2015, the machine learning method was used to calculate the sensitivity of runoff to changes in precipitation and temperature, compared with the multiple linear regression method and the Budyko framework method, and further analyzed the contribution of precipitation and temperature changes to runoff changes. The results showed that the change trends of runoff and precipitation were not significant (p=0.01), and the temperature showed a significant upward trend (p<0.01) from 1979 to 2015. The average range of sensitivity coefficients of runoff to precipitation and temperature was 0.37~0.76mm/mm and -4.77~-33.53mm/℃, respectively. The sensitivity coefficient of runoff to precipitation and temperature decreases with the increase of drought index. The impact of precipitation change on runoff change is greater in the sub basin with large drought index, and the impact of temperature change on runoff change is greater in the sub basin with small drought index.
2023,39(1):127-132, 173 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.017
Abstract:
Based on the daily precipitation data series measured by 133 representative rainfall stations in the Taihu Lake Basin from 1956 to 2018, P-Ш frequency analysis, Mann-Kendall test method, Morlet wavelet method and other methods are used to diagnose the precipitation evolution trend and statistical characteristics analysis. The results show that the annual precipitation in the Taihu Lake Basin increases slowly at a rate of 0.557mm/a from 1956 to 2018. The precipitation evolution characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin and its water conservancy districts are inconsistent, and the precipitation fluctuations in the southeast plain area are greater than that in the northwest hilly area. The spatial distribution difference of design rainfall with 100 year return period is the largest among different frequency design rainstorms in each water conservancy district, with the largest 7d rainfall being the most significant, followed by the largest 3d rainfall, and the largest 1d rainfall being the weakest. The annual precipitation growth rate of each water conservancy district is different. The range in the northeast of the basin is 17.3～33.0 mm every 10 years, and that in the southwest is 3.30～22.2 mm every 10 years. The overall trend is gradually weakening from east to west. The annual precipitation in the Taihu Lake basin and its water conservancy subarea presents a multi-scale periodic change, with the most significant 35～62a periodic change.
Based on the daily precipitation data series measured by 133 representative rainfall stations in the Taihu Lake Basin from 1956 to 2018, P-Ш frequency analysis, Mann-Kendall test method, Morlet wavelet method and other methods are used to diagnose the precipitation evolution trend and statistical characteristics analysis. The results show that the annual precipitation in the Taihu Lake Basin increases slowly at a rate of 0.557mm/a from 1956 to 2018. The precipitation evolution characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin and its water conservancy districts are inconsistent, and the precipitation fluctuations in the southeast plain area are greater than that in the northwest hilly area. The spatial distribution difference of design rainfall with 100 year return period is the largest among different frequency design rainstorms in each water conservancy district, with the largest 7d rainfall being the most significant, followed by the largest 3d rainfall, and the largest 1d rainfall being the weakest. The annual precipitation growth rate of each water conservancy district is different. The range in the northeast of the basin is 17.3～33.0 mm every 10 years, and that in the southwest is 3.30～22.2 mm every 10 years. The overall trend is gradually weakening from east to west. The annual precipitation in the Taihu Lake basin and its water conservancy subarea presents a multi-scale periodic change, with the most significant 35～62a periodic change.
2023,39(1):133-141 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.018
Abstract:
In order to provide a scientific basis for the planning and operation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the characteristics of precipitation and runoff changes in the project area since 2001 are identified based on more complete hydrological observation data than those in the level years formulated in “General Plan of the South to North Water Transfer Project”. Mann-Kendall trend test, wavelet analysis and other methods are used to analyze the statistical difference and variation characteristics of precipitation and runoff between the comparison period (2001—2016) and the reference period (1956—2000). The results show that compared with the reference period, the precipitation in the water diversion area has no obvious change in the comparison period. The natural runoff of Datong Hydrologic Station on the Yangtze River decreases by 3.5%, and the water resource conditions in the water diversion area are relatively stable. The precipitation in the water receiving area in the comparison period is basically unchanged compared with the reference period, and the natural runoff is 3.9% higher. However, the natural runoff in the water receiving area of Shandong Province, Hebei Province and Tianjin City decrease by 6.6%, and the natural runoff in the three provinces and city show a significant decline trend.
In order to provide a scientific basis for the planning and operation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the characteristics of precipitation and runoff changes in the project area since 2001 are identified based on more complete hydrological observation data than those in the level years formulated in “General Plan of the South to North Water Transfer Project”. Mann-Kendall trend test, wavelet analysis and other methods are used to analyze the statistical difference and variation characteristics of precipitation and runoff between the comparison period (2001—2016) and the reference period (1956—2000). The results show that compared with the reference period, the precipitation in the water diversion area has no obvious change in the comparison period. The natural runoff of Datong Hydrologic Station on the Yangtze River decreases by 3.5%, and the water resource conditions in the water diversion area are relatively stable. The precipitation in the water receiving area in the comparison period is basically unchanged compared with the reference period, and the natural runoff is 3.9% higher. However, the natural runoff in the water receiving area of Shandong Province, Hebei Province and Tianjin City decrease by 6.6%, and the natural runoff in the three provinces and city show a significant decline trend.
2023,39(1):142-149 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.019
Abstract:
In order to implement the "sixteen character" water control policy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and properly handle the issues of resource utilization and environmental protection during development, the PSR model was used to construct an index evaluation system. Combined with the entropy weight method, variable set method and partial connection coefficient method, the index evaluation system was used to analyze the industrial green development indicators, development level and distribution laws of the provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, and construct an industrial green development evaluation system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results show that the overall green development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is improving, and there are differences in the development levels within different river basins. The green development level of the upper, middle and lower reaches is improving in turn.
In order to implement the "sixteen character" water control policy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and properly handle the issues of resource utilization and environmental protection during development, the PSR model was used to construct an index evaluation system. Combined with the entropy weight method, variable set method and partial connection coefficient method, the index evaluation system was used to analyze the industrial green development indicators, development level and distribution laws of the provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, and construct an industrial green development evaluation system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results show that the overall green development level of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is improving, and there are differences in the development levels within different river basins. The green development level of the upper, middle and lower reaches is improving in turn.
2023,39(1):150-157 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.020
Abstract:
In order to study the coupling coordination development of resource system and economic system, the evaluation index system of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus system security was constructed, which employed TOPSIS model, DEA-Malmquist index and coupling coordination degree model to estimate the WEF nexus system security level and total factor productivity (TFP) as well as the coupling coordination relationship between them from the perspective of time and space of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan ang Tibet) in China. Results show that the spatial pattern of WEF nexus system security level in China is bipolar distribution and the comprehensive security level is increasing year by year with the security level of food system being highest and that of water resource system being lowest. From 2005 to 2019, TFP in China shows a fluctuating upward trend. The spatial and temporal pattern difference in the coupling coordination between WEF nexus system and TFP is significant and the coupling coordination degree shows an upward trend. The spatial pattern presents the spatial distribution characteristics of “high-low-high” from south to north, while the coupling coordination shows a trend of evolution to a high-level coupling stage from time dimension.
In order to study the coupling coordination development of resource system and economic system, the evaluation index system of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus system security was constructed, which employed TOPSIS model, DEA-Malmquist index and coupling coordination degree model to estimate the WEF nexus system security level and total factor productivity (TFP) as well as the coupling coordination relationship between them from the perspective of time and space of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan ang Tibet) in China. Results show that the spatial pattern of WEF nexus system security level in China is bipolar distribution and the comprehensive security level is increasing year by year with the security level of food system being highest and that of water resource system being lowest. From 2005 to 2019, TFP in China shows a fluctuating upward trend. The spatial and temporal pattern difference in the coupling coordination between WEF nexus system and TFP is significant and the coupling coordination degree shows an upward trend. The spatial pattern presents the spatial distribution characteristics of “high-low-high” from south to north, while the coupling coordination shows a trend of evolution to a high-level coupling stage from time dimension.
2023,39(1):158-165 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.021
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems such as water resources shortage, excessive water loss, low water use efficiency, agricultural irrigation water squeezes ecological water, based on the water control policy of “water conservation priority”, the mountainous reservoirs and plain reservoirs in the two source streams of the Tarim River (Aksu River, Yeerqiang River) and its main stream (“two source streams and one main stream”) are taken as the research objects. Considering the multiple objectives of agricultural irrigation water, ecological water, industrial water and domestic water in the mainstream of Tarim River, an optimization model for joint operation of reservoirs in mountainous areas and plains in the current level year and the long-term planning year is constructed and solved, and the ecological water supply potential of the mainstream of Tarim River and the contribution of joint operation of reservoirs in mountainous areas are analyzed. The results show that the guarantee rate of agricultural irrigation and ecological water supply cannot meet the design requirements only through the joint operation of reservoirs in the mainstream plain. Through the optimal operation of reservoir groups in mountainous areas and plain areas, all industries meet the design assurance rate requirements in the long-term planning year, reflecting the remarkable regulation performance of reservoirs in mountainous areas and the rationality and reliability of the water control policy of "water saving first". The ecological water supply potential of the mainstream of Tarim River in the long-term planning year is 284 million m3, which can provide a solid water volume basis for ecological protection and restoration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.
In order to solve the problems such as water resources shortage, excessive water loss, low water use efficiency, agricultural irrigation water squeezes ecological water, based on the water control policy of “water conservation priority”, the mountainous reservoirs and plain reservoirs in the two source streams of the Tarim River (Aksu River, Yeerqiang River) and its main stream (“two source streams and one main stream”) are taken as the research objects. Considering the multiple objectives of agricultural irrigation water, ecological water, industrial water and domestic water in the mainstream of Tarim River, an optimization model for joint operation of reservoirs in mountainous areas and plains in the current level year and the long-term planning year is constructed and solved, and the ecological water supply potential of the mainstream of Tarim River and the contribution of joint operation of reservoirs in mountainous areas are analyzed. The results show that the guarantee rate of agricultural irrigation and ecological water supply cannot meet the design requirements only through the joint operation of reservoirs in the mainstream plain. Through the optimal operation of reservoir groups in mountainous areas and plain areas, all industries meet the design assurance rate requirements in the long-term planning year, reflecting the remarkable regulation performance of reservoirs in mountainous areas and the rationality and reliability of the water control policy of "water saving first". The ecological water supply potential of the mainstream of Tarim River in the long-term planning year is 284 million m3, which can provide a solid water volume basis for ecological protection and restoration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.
2023,39(1):166-173 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.022
Abstract:
To explore the related issues in emergency water diversion of Xingou River Project, and to evaluate the water diversion effect, the pattern of influences on water diversion caused by variation of water quality in the basin under Xingou River Project was analysed based on the method of comprehensive pollution index, with the water quality improvement index(I) and the category change index(G) introduced. Results showed that during the water diversion period, the diversion ratio of the west main branch of Xingou River is 0.30~0.59. Affected by the diversion of the west main branch of Xingou River, the daily average water inflow of the east main branch of Xingou River into Lake Taihu accounts for 9%~22% of the daily average water quantity from the Yangtze River. Three days after the continuous water diversion through Xizhihugang-North Project, water from the Yangtze River has an impact on the east main branch of Xingou River, south of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The effect of water quality improvement in main stream is related to the background water quality of each section, as well as the distance between each section and the water source. For those sections with higher initial value of the comprehensive pollution index, the Imax index tends to be larger. For the sections with similar background water quality, the I index of those sections close to the water source tends to be larger.
To explore the related issues in emergency water diversion of Xingou River Project, and to evaluate the water diversion effect, the pattern of influences on water diversion caused by variation of water quality in the basin under Xingou River Project was analysed based on the method of comprehensive pollution index, with the water quality improvement index(I) and the category change index(G) introduced. Results showed that during the water diversion period, the diversion ratio of the west main branch of Xingou River is 0.30~0.59. Affected by the diversion of the west main branch of Xingou River, the daily average water inflow of the east main branch of Xingou River into Lake Taihu accounts for 9%~22% of the daily average water quantity from the Yangtze River. Three days after the continuous water diversion through Xizhihugang-North Project, water from the Yangtze River has an impact on the east main branch of Xingou River, south of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The effect of water quality improvement in main stream is related to the background water quality of each section, as well as the distance between each section and the water source. For those sections with higher initial value of the comprehensive pollution index, the Imax index tends to be larger. For the sections with similar background water quality, the I index of those sections close to the water source tends to be larger.
2023,39(1):174-180, 189 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.023
Abstract:
In order to establish a more accurate response relationship between water quality target management of non-point source inputting lakes and reservoirs and total pollution load control in the river basin, a detailed analysis method of dynamic water environment capacity of lakes and reservoirs based on mass balance was proposed with reference to total maximum daily loads, including pollution mixing zone setting, representative hydrological series selection,and daily 2D water quality calculation, with consideration of the influence factors, including runoff variation, inhomogeneous mixing, atmospheric deposition, etc. The Shahe Reservoir in the western hilly area of the Taihu Lake Basin was used as a case study. The dynamic water environment capacity of total nitrogen (TN) was analyzed with the level-Ⅱ water quality for the whole lake and the main lake area, respectively, by using the representative hydrological series from 2010 to 2015. The results show that the annual average values of TN water environment capacity are 36.7 t and 99.43 t under the level-Ⅱ water quality for the whole lake and the main lake area, respectively; if the lakeside mixing zone is not considered, the calculation result of annual TN water environment capacity increases by 66.43%; the larger the area of the water area where the water quality target management is implemented, the greater the influence of atmospheric deposition on the water environment capacity; the inter-annual and intra-annual variations of runoff have significant impact on the water environment capacity; and the ratio of total TN control of each subzone to that of the whole river basin is basically consistent with the area ratio. The method can scientifically analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of the water environment capacity of non-point source inputting lakes and reservoirs, and the results could better support the fine management of the river basin water environment by establishing well link between water quality target management and spatial control of total pollution loads.
In order to establish a more accurate response relationship between water quality target management of non-point source inputting lakes and reservoirs and total pollution load control in the river basin, a detailed analysis method of dynamic water environment capacity of lakes and reservoirs based on mass balance was proposed with reference to total maximum daily loads, including pollution mixing zone setting, representative hydrological series selection,and daily 2D water quality calculation, with consideration of the influence factors, including runoff variation, inhomogeneous mixing, atmospheric deposition, etc. The Shahe Reservoir in the western hilly area of the Taihu Lake Basin was used as a case study. The dynamic water environment capacity of total nitrogen (TN) was analyzed with the level-Ⅱ water quality for the whole lake and the main lake area, respectively, by using the representative hydrological series from 2010 to 2015. The results show that the annual average values of TN water environment capacity are 36.7 t and 99.43 t under the level-Ⅱ water quality for the whole lake and the main lake area, respectively; if the lakeside mixing zone is not considered, the calculation result of annual TN water environment capacity increases by 66.43%; the larger the area of the water area where the water quality target management is implemented, the greater the influence of atmospheric deposition on the water environment capacity; the inter-annual and intra-annual variations of runoff have significant impact on the water environment capacity; and the ratio of total TN control of each subzone to that of the whole river basin is basically consistent with the area ratio. The method can scientifically analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of the water environment capacity of non-point source inputting lakes and reservoirs, and the results could better support the fine management of the river basin water environment by establishing well link between water quality target management and spatial control of total pollution loads.
2023,39(1):181-189 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.024
Abstract:
This paper systematically summaries the mathematical models of hydrodynamics, solute transport and microbial growth processes, which describe nitrogen transport and transformation behavior in the hyporheic zone, as well as the coupling relationships of these models. The main parameters and influencing factors of the coupled models are analyzed. The influence of experimental data acquisition, process coupling relationship establishment and model parameter identification on the uncertainty of numerical simulation is discussed. In view of the shortcomings of the existing research, it is proposed that more research should be devoted to the original environment monitoring of the hyporheic zone, the coupling of heat transfer process with other processes and the optimization calculation of the multi-dimensional multi-process coupled model in the future.
This paper systematically summaries the mathematical models of hydrodynamics, solute transport and microbial growth processes, which describe nitrogen transport and transformation behavior in the hyporheic zone, as well as the coupling relationships of these models. The main parameters and influencing factors of the coupled models are analyzed. The influence of experimental data acquisition, process coupling relationship establishment and model parameter identification on the uncertainty of numerical simulation is discussed. In view of the shortcomings of the existing research, it is proposed that more research should be devoted to the original environment monitoring of the hyporheic zone, the coupling of heat transfer process with other processes and the optimization calculation of the multi-dimensional multi-process coupled model in the future.
WANG Jun, LIU Chao, WANG Zhiyuan, CHEN Qiuwen, HUANG Yu, HU Xiaodong, LIU Dongsheng, WU Sushu, YAN Dandan
2023,39(1):190-199 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.025
Abstract:
With the InVEST habitat quality model used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality in the Hongze Lake Basin from 1980 to 2020, the Johnes classical output coefficient model used to calculate pollution load output under different scenarios, and the regression model used to establish the relationship between pollution load and habitat quality, the effect of pollution load reduction measures on habitat quality was predicted. The results showed that the habitat quality deteriorated year by year in the Hongze Lake Basin, presenting a spatial pattern of south superior to north and east superior to west; the output of pollution load increased year by year, the pollution load had an obvious agglomeration effect in bad habitat quality areas, and there was a significant negative correlation between pollution load and habitat quality; under the condition of natural development (without reduction of pollution load), the average habitat quality in 2030 would further reduce by 1.0% to 2.4%, as compared with that in 2020; according to the watershed pollution load reduction target, the average habitat quality of the Hongze Lake Basin would increase by 0.9% to 2.2% in the scenario with the pollution load reduction rate of 8%, and the value would increase by 1.3% to 2.7% in the scenario with the pollution load reduction of 18%, as compared with the natural development scenario, demonstrating that pollution load reduction has significant effect on improving habitat quality.
With the InVEST habitat quality model used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality in the Hongze Lake Basin from 1980 to 2020, the Johnes classical output coefficient model used to calculate pollution load output under different scenarios, and the regression model used to establish the relationship between pollution load and habitat quality, the effect of pollution load reduction measures on habitat quality was predicted. The results showed that the habitat quality deteriorated year by year in the Hongze Lake Basin, presenting a spatial pattern of south superior to north and east superior to west; the output of pollution load increased year by year, the pollution load had an obvious agglomeration effect in bad habitat quality areas, and there was a significant negative correlation between pollution load and habitat quality; under the condition of natural development (without reduction of pollution load), the average habitat quality in 2030 would further reduce by 1.0% to 2.4%, as compared with that in 2020; according to the watershed pollution load reduction target, the average habitat quality of the Hongze Lake Basin would increase by 0.9% to 2.2% in the scenario with the pollution load reduction rate of 8%, and the value would increase by 1.3% to 2.7% in the scenario with the pollution load reduction of 18%, as compared with the natural development scenario, demonstrating that pollution load reduction has significant effect on improving habitat quality.
Impact of the scheduled Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project on water environment capacity in lake district
2023,39(1):200-207, 242 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.026
Abstract:
A hydrodynamic-water quality model was applied to simulate the process of hydrodynamic and water quality of Poyang Lake before and after the construction of the scheduled Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project (PLHP) in extreme receding year (2016) and general receding year (2017). And then a water environment capacity model was constructed to assess the impact of the scheduled PLHP on the water quality and water environment capacity in the lake district. Simulation results show that the construction and operation of PLHP could significantly increase the water body volume of Poyang Lake with the maximum increase being 77% per month. It mainly reduced the TP mass concentration in the middle lake during the early period of water level recession. In the late period of water level recession, the TP mass concentration in the upstream of the gate increased in extreme receding year while the TP mass concentration in the upstream of the gate decreased in general receding year. However, there was no significant effect on the spatial distribution of mass concentration of CODMn and NH3-N. The construction and operation of PLHP could increase the mass concentration of CODMn, NH3-N and TP of the lake in extreme receding year, while reduce the TP mass concentration of the lake in general receding year. The construction and operation of PLHP could significantly improve the water environment capacity of CODMn and NH3-N of the lake, while the water environment capacity of TP increased in general receding year and might decrease in extreme receding year.
A hydrodynamic-water quality model was applied to simulate the process of hydrodynamic and water quality of Poyang Lake before and after the construction of the scheduled Poyang Lake Hydraulic Project (PLHP) in extreme receding year (2016) and general receding year (2017). And then a water environment capacity model was constructed to assess the impact of the scheduled PLHP on the water quality and water environment capacity in the lake district. Simulation results show that the construction and operation of PLHP could significantly increase the water body volume of Poyang Lake with the maximum increase being 77% per month. It mainly reduced the TP mass concentration in the middle lake during the early period of water level recession. In the late period of water level recession, the TP mass concentration in the upstream of the gate increased in extreme receding year while the TP mass concentration in the upstream of the gate decreased in general receding year. However, there was no significant effect on the spatial distribution of mass concentration of CODMn and NH3-N. The construction and operation of PLHP could increase the mass concentration of CODMn, NH3-N and TP of the lake in extreme receding year, while reduce the TP mass concentration of the lake in general receding year. The construction and operation of PLHP could significantly improve the water environment capacity of CODMn and NH3-N of the lake, while the water environment capacity of TP increased in general receding year and might decrease in extreme receding year.
2023,39(1):208-215 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.027
Abstract:
Using the community of Tianfuheyuan in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as an example, a water quality and quantity calculation model was constructed based on the principle of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The model parameters were determined based on the measurements and relevant studies in similar areas in China and abroad. To analyze the synergistic relationship between the runoff control rate and non-point source pollution load reduction rate in the study area under different rainfall conditions, 45 rainfall events with nine return periods and five rainfall peak coefficients were designed. The results show that the runoff control rate was linearly related to the pollution load reduction rate under rainfall conditions with the same rainfall peak coefficient. The coefficients of synergy of the fitted function curves for the four pollutants COD, TN, TP, and TSS were above 0.989. The rain peak coefficient had little effect on the slope and intercept of the fitted function curve. There was a highly linear relationship between the runoff control rate and non-point source pollution load reduction rate at the residential community scale, and the pollution load reduction rate can be deduced from the runoff control rate.
Using the community of Tianfuheyuan in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as an example, a water quality and quantity calculation model was constructed based on the principle of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The model parameters were determined based on the measurements and relevant studies in similar areas in China and abroad. To analyze the synergistic relationship between the runoff control rate and non-point source pollution load reduction rate in the study area under different rainfall conditions, 45 rainfall events with nine return periods and five rainfall peak coefficients were designed. The results show that the runoff control rate was linearly related to the pollution load reduction rate under rainfall conditions with the same rainfall peak coefficient. The coefficients of synergy of the fitted function curves for the four pollutants COD, TN, TP, and TSS were above 0.989. The rain peak coefficient had little effect on the slope and intercept of the fitted function curve. There was a highly linear relationship between the runoff control rate and non-point source pollution load reduction rate at the residential community scale, and the pollution load reduction rate can be deduced from the runoff control rate.
2023,39(1):216-224 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.028
Abstract:
The impact mechanism of trapezoidal hollow spur dike on benthos habitat due to local hydrodynamic characteristics is still unclear, which limits the large-scale promotion and application of such structures. Relying on the demonstration application project of the Yangtze River deep-water channel construction, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model was established, and the Chinese mitten crab was selected as the indicator species to study the local three-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of trapezoidal hollow spur dike under different runoff conditions and their impact on the habitat of the indicator species. Combined with the data analysis of sediment and benthos monitoring in different periods of trapezoidal hollow spur dike, the impact mechanism of trapezoidal hollow spur dike on benthos habitat succession was revealed. The results show that the upwelling generated on the upstream face of the trapezoidal hollow spur dike leads the mainstream to the upper part behind the dike, providing a flood shelter for Chinese mitten crab in the flood season. The small flow velocity and abundant flow field structure in and behind the dike provide feeding grounds and overwintering grounds for Chinese mitten crabs.
The impact mechanism of trapezoidal hollow spur dike on benthos habitat due to local hydrodynamic characteristics is still unclear, which limits the large-scale promotion and application of such structures. Relying on the demonstration application project of the Yangtze River deep-water channel construction, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model was established, and the Chinese mitten crab was selected as the indicator species to study the local three-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of trapezoidal hollow spur dike under different runoff conditions and their impact on the habitat of the indicator species. Combined with the data analysis of sediment and benthos monitoring in different periods of trapezoidal hollow spur dike, the impact mechanism of trapezoidal hollow spur dike on benthos habitat succession was revealed. The results show that the upwelling generated on the upstream face of the trapezoidal hollow spur dike leads the mainstream to the upper part behind the dike, providing a flood shelter for Chinese mitten crab in the flood season. The small flow velocity and abundant flow field structure in and behind the dike provide feeding grounds and overwintering grounds for Chinese mitten crabs.
2023,39(1):225-233 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.029
Abstract:
In view of the increasingly prominent problem of the contradiction between the development layout of salt lake resources and the ecological space in the Qaidam Basin, taking the East-Taijiner Lake and West-Taijiner Lake at the end of the Nalingele River in the Qaidam Basin as examples, the natural state of the lakes was identified based on long sequence remote sensing images and climate observation data, combined with water balance and other methods. The results show that the East-Taijiner Lake expands at a rate of 2.19km2/a and the lake area is 180～220km2, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks at a rate of 3.50km2/a and the lake area is 130～140km2. When the water quantity decreases, the East-Taijiner Lake shrinks inward in its original shape, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks from a nearly triangular shape to an oval shape. Due to the topography and upstream water inflow path, the shorelines of the two lakes change mainly in the southwest and northwest of the lakes. The cumulative frequency curve of the long series of lake area change is made to determine the lake area guarantee rate, and the guarantee rates of 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% are selected to identify the lake area, lake volume and spatial form in natural state.
In view of the increasingly prominent problem of the contradiction between the development layout of salt lake resources and the ecological space in the Qaidam Basin, taking the East-Taijiner Lake and West-Taijiner Lake at the end of the Nalingele River in the Qaidam Basin as examples, the natural state of the lakes was identified based on long sequence remote sensing images and climate observation data, combined with water balance and other methods. The results show that the East-Taijiner Lake expands at a rate of 2.19km2/a and the lake area is 180～220km2, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks at a rate of 3.50km2/a and the lake area is 130～140km2. When the water quantity decreases, the East-Taijiner Lake shrinks inward in its original shape, while the West-Taijiner Lake shrinks from a nearly triangular shape to an oval shape. Due to the topography and upstream water inflow path, the shorelines of the two lakes change mainly in the southwest and northwest of the lakes. The cumulative frequency curve of the long series of lake area change is made to determine the lake area guarantee rate, and the guarantee rates of 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% are selected to identify the lake area, lake volume and spatial form in natural state.
2023,39(1):234-242 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2023.01.030
Abstract:
On the basis of systematically sorting out ecosystem service functions and accounting methods of the gross ecosystem product, focusing on the water ecosystem, relevant literature from 2004 to 2021 were selected for statistical analysis. Through screening out 14 indicators of the gross water ecosystem product in three categories, a gross water ecosystem product accounting system was established, and accounting methods and calculation formulas of different indicators were provided. Taking Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station as an example, the impact of the construction of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on the gross water ecosystem product was evaluated using the gross water ecosystem product accounting system. The assessment results show that the change in the gross water ecosystem product from 2011 to 2015 was 26.11893 billion yuan, including the change in material good value of 11.14940 billion yuan, the change in regulation service value of 8.48151 billion yuan, and the change in cultural service value of 6.48802 billion yuan.
On the basis of systematically sorting out ecosystem service functions and accounting methods of the gross ecosystem product, focusing on the water ecosystem, relevant literature from 2004 to 2021 were selected for statistical analysis. Through screening out 14 indicators of the gross water ecosystem product in three categories, a gross water ecosystem product accounting system was established, and accounting methods and calculation formulas of different indicators were provided. Taking Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station as an example, the impact of the construction of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station on the gross water ecosystem product was evaluated using the gross water ecosystem product accounting system. The assessment results show that the change in the gross water ecosystem product from 2011 to 2015 was 26.11893 billion yuan, including the change in material good value of 11.14940 billion yuan, the change in regulation service value of 8.48151 billion yuan, and the change in cultural service value of 6.48802 billion yuan.
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2020,36(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.001
Abstract:
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
The biorentention facility for sponge city construction is a typical ecological technology suitable for decentralized rainwater treatment and utilization. However, at present, there are still some problems restricting its operational efficiency and service life. The key technologies and research progresses of bioretention facilities in sponge city construction are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of high efficiency purifying filler, the establishment of pollutant migration and transformation model, the optimization of design parameters, the risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants accumulation and the construction of remediation technology will become the hot spot in the future research of bioretention facilities for sponge city construction.
2020,36(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
Based on the analysis of the existing methods of on-line discharge monitoring of hydrometry stations, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of velocity-area method and hydraulic method in on-line discharge monitoring. Cross section discharge was calculated based on local flow velocity, and the on-line discharge monitoring method based on velocity-area method is divided into three categories: index-velocity method, velocity distribution model method and surface velocity method. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of H-ADCP method, V-ADCP method, two-line energy slope method, radar method, particle image method, water measuring building method and hydraulic building method, and points out that further research will be carried out in improving online discharge monitoring accuracy, improving stability and promoting application.
2019,35(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
Based on the analysis of the development process of comprehensive watershed management the basic concept of comprehensive watershed management is put forward, and a multi-dimensional nested theoretical framework of comprehensive watershed management system is constructed, including five dimensions of time, space, factor, process and regulation. Three key technical systems of comprehensive watershed management such as mechanism identification technology system, quantitative simulation technology system and optimization decision-making technology system are proposed, providing scientific support for the practices of comprehensive watershed management in China.
2020,36(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
In the past century, great achievements have been made in global water management, which has provided key supports for sustainable development. However, the global water problems keep increasing, it is urgent to further improve water management modes. Based on the development history of water problems, this paper explored the causes of water problems, and analyzed the shortcomings of global water management modes from the aspects of objectives, overall framework, and technical approaches: in the current global water management modes, the natural properties of water cycle and its multi-processes have not been fully integrated, and there exists serious problems such as end-disposal and process-dissociation. The development suggestions for the future water control mode are put forward: from the perspective of coupling multi process mutual feed mechanism of basin water cycle, we should enhance the role of natural attributes and natural forces, and coordinate the function of multi-elements and multi-processes, building a Nature Enriched and Attributes Coordinated Watershed to manage the complex water problems systematically.
2020,36(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.02.001
Abstract:
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
In view of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, an evaluation index system covering three criteria layers such as water resources, ecological environment and economic and society is constructed. The water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces in 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 was evaluated by the TOPSIS model combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight, and the evaluation results of the year of 2017 were diagnosed with obstacle factors. The results show that in the time dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces shows an increasing trend, especially in Henan, Shandong and Inner Mongolia, and the improvement of water resources carrying capacity is closely related to the improvement of two criteria level related indicators such as eco-environment, economic society. In the spatial dimension, the water resources carrying capacity of the nine provinces does not reach the level of grade I(carriable level), and the spatial difference is obvious. Water production module, water resources per capita, water supply modulus, ecological water use rate, vegetation coverage rate, water consumption per 10 000 RMB of industrial added value and water consumption per 10 000 RMB of GDP are seven major obstacles, and there are significant differences of some obstacle factors in different provinces.
2021,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2021.01.001
Abstract:
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
In order to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the spatial balance and spatial difference of water resources, the combined method of connection number and coupling coordination degree was used to evaluate the spatial balance of regional water resources. Considering the composite relationship of water resources, economic society and ecological environment, an evaluation index system for spatial balance of water resources composed of two systems of water resources carrying capcity and bearing pressure and 15 evaluation indexes was established. The weight of evaluation index was calculated by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on accelerating genetic algorithm, and a spatial balance evaluation method of water resources based on connection number and coupling coordination degree was proposed. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the results show that the evaluation method is reasonable when applied to the evaluation of water resources spatial balance, which can make up for the defect that the traditional coupling coordination degree can not reflect the uncertainty problem, and accurately reflect the coordination between systems and the overall development level.
2015,31(6):76-80, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.012
Abstract:
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH3-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH3-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.
2020,36(4):40-46, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.04.007
Abstract:
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
Water samples were collected and analyzed respectively at nine sampling sites along Zhengzhou section of Jialu River in July(water diversion time)and in September(no water diversion time), and then comprehensive water quality identification index method and factor analysis were applied for the evaluation of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources respectively. The results showed that the comprehensive water quality of the upper reaches of the Zhengzhou section of the Jialu River was of level II or III, the water quality of the mid-stream Lakes was classified as IV level, and the downstream water quality was classified as IV to worse than V level; the water quality of Suoxu River and Qili River were worse than V level, worse than V level and black smelly water, respectively. Water diversion from Yellow River to the Jialu river through Yangqiao main canal can only change the water quality of the nearest receiving area temporarily, with no obvious impact on the water quality of Zhengzhou section. Two factors can explain the information of 5 water quality indicators. In the lower reaches of the main stream and the tributaries, the representative indices TN, TP, NH+4-N of the first pollution factor are mainly related to the drainage of the municipal sewage treatment, while the representative indexes of the second pollution factor, CODCr and CODMn, are mainly related to the untreated sewage. The pollution of upper and middle reaches of the Jialu River are mainly non-point source pollution and endogenous pollution.
2015,31(2):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.02.002
Abstract:
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
Based on the drought monitoring theory and daily precipitation data covering the period of 1961 2010 in Xinjiang, we compared and analyzed the effectiveness and practicability of the effective drought index (EDI) and standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) based on different time scale (1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 24 month). The result shows that EDI is more superior to SPI no matter for short term drought or long term drought. SPI of short term scale is greatly influenced by short duration precipitation, which obviously reflects the variation of drought and flood in short period in Xinjiang. With the expanding of time scale, SPI gradually loses its feedback from short duration precipitation. However, it can still reflect the obvious trend of drought and flood over the long term scale. Like SPI, EDI can also reflect the influence caused by short term drought and recent precipitation. Moreover, with the time passing by, EDI is able to give different weight to everyday precipitation considering the influence to the current drought statues caused by former precipitation. Relevant researches can provide significant theoretical basis to the drought monitoring in humid and some other climatic zones.
2019,35(2):1-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.02.001
Abstract:
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
According to in-situ data analysis, the causes of eco-problem in hydro-environmental variation in recent year in Poyang Lake in the lower Yangtze River, and the effect of awidely concerned sluice gate at its outlet are discussed. It is revealed that 1)the ahead of time dry-up after flood seasons is mainly due to the reservoirs impoundment in the upper reach of the Yangtze River, that changed the runoff regime and caused an ahead-seasonal drying in water level for 2-4 m all the way along the Yangtze; 2)massive sand-mining in the outlet channel of Poyang Lake has destructed the natural hydraulic mechanism that elevated the pool in dry seasons, causing a 2 m lowering from February to march at Duchang; 3)retention of reservoirs in the Poyang basin and the general loweredsummer pool in Poyang lake also diminish the after-flood discharge of the lake(August to October), exacerbating the extreme drying especially for the lakes delta regions after season. A sluice gate at the lakes outlet can hold-up and even elevate the lakes pool, but it can also obstruct the migration of fishes for about half-year and impact the habitat and food sources for migratory birds and the water quality of the lake as it becomes an artificial impoundment from riverine regime by the gate in dry seasons. It is also worth worrying about more possible problems for the Yangtze ecosystem as a whole in habitat diversity from the gates, as dams will be thoroughly partitioned in addition to the Three Gorges dam, with more negative effect on fluvial morphology, water level in dry seasons, tidal limits and salt water intrusion. Finally, five countermeasures for comprehensive restoration of both the Yangtze and the Poyang Lake were proposed.
2017,33(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2017.01.001
Abstract:
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
Based on a review of the problems and challenges of sponge city construction in China, the concept and methodology of an urban water system integrating urban rainstorm-runoff, water pollution control, and an urban ecological greenbelt with wetland and municipal construction(drainage and sewage)are proposed. Based on hydrological theories, the concept of the control rate of total annual runoff, which is the most critical and difficult-to-quantify factor in the construction of a sponge city, is analyzed. It is pointed out that the currently calculated control rate of total annual runoff is actually the control rate of total annual precipitation. Hence, it is necessary to establish an internal relation with the gain factor of the response of the hydrological system, i. e. , the runoff coefficient. It also needs to be noted that the runoff coefficient is not a constant, but the time-varying nonlinearity of the combination of soil moisture, precipitation intensity, and the underlying surface. Additionally, the relationship between low impact development(LID)during sponge city construction and the improved control rate of total annual runoff are analyzed, in order to examine the conditions and risks of sea views in cities. Finally, it is suggested that the runoff coefficient nonlinearity, the differences in storage capacity between natural conditions and the conditions after urbanization, river and lake water system storage and land evapotranspiration, basin sponge regulation and control, and risk management should be strengthened on the hydrological basis of sponge city construction and planning. Some suggestions for future sponge city construction in China are put forward.
2019,35(4):1-8, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.04.001
Abstract:
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
This paper briefly described the surface water environment numerical models, including the development history, the application status, and the latest research results at home and abroad of hydrodynamic models, water quality models and water ecological models. Both methods of analyzing model sensitivity and uncertainty and problems of model precision were emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that the systematization, integration and platform construction of the model, the combination of innovation with emerging technologies supported by large data, and the related management issues such as model synthesis and regulation will become the future research hotspots in the field of water environment simulation and prediction.
2020,36(1):31-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
Based on the 30 m×30 m resolution Landsat remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chabagou Watershed from 1987 to 2018 were analyzed, and the soil surface erosion level map of the watershed was generated to analyze its impact on runoff generation and sediment yield in the watershed. The results show that the vegetation coverage of Chabagou Watershed was increasing rapidly, from 24. 7% in 1987 to 53. 1% in 2018. The composition of vegetation coverage in the watershed had changed a lot. Since 2002, the proportion of medium and high coverage areas increased significantly, and the growth was mainly concentrated in hilly and gully areas. With the increase of vegetation coverage in the watershed, the runoff generation and sediment yield decreased, and the surface erosion decreased. The impact of vegetation on sediment yield was greater than that on runoff generation.
2015,31(1):22-29, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
Measures taken in various stages of river regulation in Japan were thoroughly reviewed and interpreted. The “multi natural river” regulation project in Japan was especially summarized and analyzed, making the river regulation ideas and technical measures of different stages clear. The purpose of this paper is to provide references of ideas and technical method about how to combine water conservancy project construction with ecological restoration and water quality improvement for Chinese river regulation.
2020,36(3):46-51, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2020.03.009
Abstract:
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
In order to acquaint with the current status of surface water environment in Central European countries along the “Belt and Road”, the data of surface water pollutants in Central European countries in recent years were summarized, and the pollution status of surface water environment was analyzed. The results show that the levels of conventional pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in four river basins such as Vistula River basin show a downward trend since the 1970s. However, further treatment route was still needed to remove the pollutants. At present, the levels of emerging pollutants such as antibiotics in each river basin were increasing, which was mainly resulted from the urban sewage discharge. In the future, different types of pollutants should be treated according to their specific sources, while the cooperation between nations on water pollutants treatment should be strengthened to promote the quality of water environment in Central European countries, promoting the economic and social development of countries along the “Belt and Road”.
2019,35(1):6-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.01.002
Abstract:
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
In order to quantify the water consumption of winter wheat, and make use of the regional water resources rationally, water footprint of winter wheat in Haihe River Basin from 1958 to 2016 was accounted, and direct and indirect effects of meteorological and agricultural input on water footprint of winter wheat was analyzed based on Penman formula, daily scale soil water balance and path analysis. The results show that the years average total water footprint of winter wheat in the basin was 239. 6 billion m3 and the average unit water footprint was 1 840 m3/t. The water footprint shows a significantly decreasing trend. The water footprint was heterogeneous in space with the largest water footprint in Beijing and Tianjin, followed by Shanxi, Shandong and Henan. The total power of agricultural machinery and the amount of converted fertilizer application have the biggest direct effect on the water footprint of winter wheat. Meteorological factors influence water footprint of winter wheat mainly by input factors of agricultural production. Water footprint of winter wheat can be reduced by increasing agricultural productivity. Fertilization should be reduced in areas with high grey water footprint, such as Beijing and Tianjin.
2015,31(6):8-17, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.06.002
Abstract:
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
The research progress of ground water deep circulation was summarized. In the inner flow area of Tibet Plateau, the water resources present a huge imbalance, lakes and rivers have a strong leakage. The annual leakage of water is estimated to exceed 1 012 m3. Meanwhile, the groundwater in northern China is also showing a great imbalance. The volcano or rift valley areas, where the precipitation is very small, have a large number of springs gushing out into the rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau and Northeast China are beaded distribution in the north-east direction. By analyzing the groundwater supply source of Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountains, it is determined that the main source of groundwater is from outside regions. The only area which can meet the altitude, isotope signature and others features like leakage at the same time is the inner flow area of Tibet plateau. Isotope signature of strontium and helium of groundwater in Northern China reveal the water rock interaction occurring between the deep-circle groundwater and mantle basalt. The high-conductivity and low-velocity layer in Baikal and Shanxi Rift Valley may be deep-circle groundwater pathways, wherein the basalt porous is conveyance structure. Deep-circle groundwater flowed out from the volcano and rift valley areas, springing water flowed into rivers and lakes. The geothermal gradient in the river source region is lower than the normal value. The leakage water of inner flow area of Tibet Plateau through the deep circulation transport to Inner Mongolia Plateau, Ordos, Alashan, North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, Lake Baikal, the East China Sea, South China Sea, etc. The age of groundwater is increasing, from west to east, generally between 20~40 a.
2016,32(6):156-162, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2016.06.025
Abstract:
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
This paper summarizes the status of fishway planning and construction in recent years in China. Two typical cases(the Changzhou Water Control Project and the Cuijiaying Navigation-Hydropower Junction)are presented to illustrate the current status of fishways in China. The restrictive factors in the construction and operation of China’s fishways are analyzed with regard to technologies, supervision and management, operational maintenance, and policy systems. Some suggestions, including strengthening research on key technologies, formulating and implementing basins’ environmental protection plans, and implementing adaptive management and accelerating the improvement of relevant policies and regulations, are provided, in order to promote the rapid and healthy development of fishways in China.
2015,31(1):41-47, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2015.01.007
Abstract:
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
In order to improve the flood control capacity, the water supply security for irrigation and the living environment in rural area, beginning with the present status and problems of rural river regulation in China, the policy measures and the project investment for rural river regulation in China were analyzed, and the present status and development trends of related technology of rural river regulation in China were discussed. The countermeasures and project measures, the ideas and development direction of rural river regulation were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide certain reference for the future rural river regulation.
2019,35(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2019.03.001
Abstract:
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
In view of the problems of in-situ or ectopic remediation technology of contaminated sediment, such as the need to introduce foreign materials, or the long-term occupation of land and the prone to secondary pollution, etc. , a contaminated sediment backfill technology(CSBT)was put forward, in which the dredged sediment is sintered into ceramists and backfilled into the original dredged area after dewatering, drying and harmless treatment. The potential of CSBT for remediation of sediment was discussed in terms of enhancing bed stability, clarifying mud-water interface, changing vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen in sediment and reducing pollutant release flux from sediment. Sediment dredging can directly remove most of the surface pollutants, while sintering at high temperature during the preparation of ceramsite can reduce the pollution of dredged sediment. The stability of the bed surface increases, the particles are not easy to suspend again under the same hydrodynamic conditions, the release flux of sediment decreases significantly, and the permeation depth of dissolved oxygen on the bed surface increases after ceramsite backfilling.
Journal information
- Competent unit：
水利部
- Organizers：
河海大学 中国水利学会环境水利专业委员会
- Editor-in-chief：
王沛芳
- Address：
1 Xikang Road ,Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786642
- Email：
bh1985@vip.163.com,bh@hhu.edu.cn
- CN：
32-1356/TV
- ISSN：
1004-6933
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