Marx and Engels’ criticism of capitalist social management and the summary of the proletarian revolutionary practice，in particular the experience of the Paris Commune，contains many theories on social management. Social management showing the dual nature of class and social has the dual functions of the political domination and the social administration. With the means of production being transformed from the private possession into the socially owned，the social management converged from the class nature into service ultimately. Social management in the future is the concrete practice reflecting people's principal status and focusing on the people's livelihood-oriented ,and also is the democratic management which requires the participation of all members，pursuits the equity and justice and the social governance This democratic administration needs political，economic，ideological and institutional conditions，and also needs to be run through a systematic public powers in response to the demands of the public interest. Marx and Engels’ thoughts has important implications for social management innovation and the national and social governance in our country' s modernization.