Abstract:Environment uncertainty management consists of system logic related with costbenefit principle, precautionary principle and polluter paying principle. When such system logic is applied to the practice of China's environmental management, it may lead to the new mindset of environmental risk management of precautionary polluter paying principle. The potential environmental polluters not only have to pay for the known damage cost but also have to be responsible for the uncertain damage, namely, precautionary environmental depositrefund bonding system. Based on transaction cost and minimum safety standard idea, the paper defines the application scope of precautionary environmental depositrefund system and explores its basic connotation and the issues concerned to provide rational support for environment uncertainty management.