Harmony, as one of the core values at national level, highly summarizes the objects of social and ecological construction in the fiveinone overall arrangement. In spite of its connection with the harmony in harmonious society or social harmony, but they are different. Provided that it is deemed as value at social level, it cannot fully reflect the objective requirements of the socialist market economy. Harmonious core value mirrors the theme of the times, peace and development, acts as the inheritance and transcendence of essential traditional Chinese philosophy that “man is an integral part of nature”, and represents the Marxism related to substitutive characteristics of socialist society. Harmony, as the value goal in the relationship between man and nature, is faced with the challenge of destroying the ecological environment for the development of economy. So it is necessary to establish the concept of green development and the strictest ecological and environmental protection system. Harmony, as the value goal in the interpersonal relationships, is also faced with the challenge of widening gap between the rich and the poor. Work is needed to be done to implement the concept of shared development in policy. Moreover, harmony, as the value goal in the physical and spiritual health development of citizens, is faced with the challenge of human alienation. Therefore, right world view and reasonable value should be established.