The traditional rural community is mainly dominated by government, adopting topdown and exogenous development, and often ignores the community's internal capacity construction. In fact, community capacity construction may have an impact on community development and the wellbeing of rural residents. The paper takes the southwest of Anhui rural areas for example and analyzes the relationship between rural community and rural residents’ wellbeing on the basis of factor analysis and ordinal regression model. It is found that at the present stage in Southwest Anhui the wellbeing of rural residents in general is at the middle level. Rural community ability factors include rural community organization ability, rural community autonomy ability and the ability of rural community to cultivate internal social capital and external social capital. Rural community autonomy has the most positive impact on the wellbeing of rural residents, the ability of the community to cultivate internal social capital follows and the impact of community organizational capacity is the minimal. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to vigorously promote the villagers’ autonomy, cultivate the social capital of rural communities, especially good interpersonal trust and neighborhood mutual assistance and further improve the organization and management capabilities of existing organizations in rural communities.