Since the 18th CPC National Congress held in 2012, China’s poverty alleviation and development has entered a critical stage. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s thought on poverty alleviation, it is necessary to stick to the strategy of taking targeted measures for poverty alleviation to promote the reform and innovation of poverty alleviation system, mechanism and path. The toplevel design is becoming more and more perfect and the practice is constantly opening up a new situation. Based on the actual need to achieve victory in the fight against poverty, poverty research and antipoverty practice become more and more interactive. The new theory leads to the deep development of practice innovation while the practice development expands the empirical basis for the theoretical innovation. The benign interactive transformation of “theory, policy and practice” is the basis for achieving victory in the fight against poverty and it also greatly promotes the continuous innovation of poverty reduction theory. It is helpful to perfect the strategy of taking targeted measures for poverty alleviation and make contribution to the world poverty reduction based on China’s wisdom and program.