Abstract:To deepen the study of Mao Zedong, it is necessary to break through the study from the perspective of theoretical pedigrees, historical heritage, research methods in the new era of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics. With regard to the study of the relationship between Mao Zedong’s Thought and socialism with Chinese characteristics, it not only should focus on qualitative research, but also on quantitative research. To comprehensively understand Mao Zedong’s historical heritage, especially the socialism practice in his old age, it is important to have rational rethinking guided by correct political views to promote the constructing of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Also it is compulsory to have selfreflection and selfcriticism for reflecting a new theoretical prospect of the study of Mao Zedong.