] Based on the data of China’s General Social Survey 2010, this paper uses oprobit and biprobit models to explore whether public environmental concern is consistent with environmentfriendly behaviors and analyzes the relationship among public individual characteristics, their environmental concern and behavior consistency. The main findings are as follows: ①Public concern for the environment does not necessarily promote their environmentfriendly behavior in their lives. Keeping other conditions unchanged, the aged, women, income and education level may increase the probability of public concern for the environment and the implementation of environmentfriendly behavior. ②Considering the differences between urban and rural residents, the public’s income, nonfarm employment and education level play a positive role in enhancing the consistency of the public’s environmental concern and environmentfriendly behavior; ③In general, the income level and education level of the public have the strongest effect on the consistency of their environmental concerns and environmentfriendly behaviors, which means that increasing residents’ incomes and raising public’ education level are of great significance for promoting the development of environmental protection in China.