Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has put forward the strategic decision of exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party. It demonstrates distinct characteristics: combining ideological work with institution building, enhancing the Party’s political building, adhering to the Party’s ideals, convictions, and objectives and promoting the overall construction of the Party, which gives comprehensive answers to the following questions: what party to construct and how to construct the party. Therefore, understanding Xi Jinping’s thoughts on exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party from the perspective of contemporary features, requirements, quality and importance is of great significance to enhance the Party’s leadership and promote the construction of the Party.