Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, this paper logically deduces the process of public education policies to promote inclusive growth. Benchmark regression shows that the increase in public education spending enables lowincome groups to benefit more from investment in human capital and thus reduce income inequality in general. Further research indicates that public education expenditure at all levels may promote income growth, but the impact and the function are not the same, in which investment in basic education is more inclusive and higher education investment has a higher economic effect. In addition, the inclusive growth of public education expenditure has significant differences among different regions, and the investment in basic education in the central and western regions and rural areas is more conducive to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.