National consciousness is the combination of the concepts of the citizens’cognition and recognition of their motherland, which is the basic guarantee of the centripetal force and cohesion of the country. It has a gradual historical formation process and constantly embodies the characteristics of the times. At present, national consciousness is invested with the functions of clarifying citizens’social responsibilities, building common ideals, transcending local parochialism, promoting national unity, inspiring patriotic sentiments and forming strength for struggle. At the same time, it also has difficulties in the context of the change of national form and idea, the erosion of the diverse ethos and the slow modern transformation of traditional cultivation model. Therefore, the cultivation of national consciousness should promote the innovation of cultivation contents, cultivation subject and cultivation mode so as to enhance national consciousness and promote the development of the country and people.