When looking back on the Communist Manifesto issued 170 years ago, it can be seen that Marx and Engels’s basic theoretical theme, such as the objectivity of productivity development, the historical impetus of political parties, the choice of institutional paths to achieve communism and the value objectives of human society provide inspirations for promoting the reform of the existing global governance system. To deeply understand these revelations, it is necessary to analyze current situation of the whole governance system from the perspective of theoretical theme reflected in Communist Manifesto so as to reveal the realistic impetus for the reform of the existing global governance system.