Modernity has always been regarded as one of the core research paradigms in the field of humanities and social sciences. With a strong philosophical and sociological purpose, it is an important concept to study social development and transformation. Under the influence of the “nature and humanity” cultural awareness and the shackles of productivity, the double end of “nature” and “tradition” of the consequences of modernity, and the value intervention of “ecological socialism” and “organic Marxism”, the relationship between ecological ethics and consumption practice in China presents a progressive process from agricultural civilization “focusing on ecology rather than consumption”, to modern society “focusing on ecology rather than consumption”, and then to postindustrial transformation period “focusing on both ecology and consumption”. The construction of ecological civilization, as a new perspective to reflect on the relationship between “ecology and consumption”, not only corrects the deficiency of consumption and the dissimilated consumption of industrial society under the traditional ecological view, but also opens up a practical path in the direction of clarifying belief, upgrading industrial structure, green technology innovation and legal system arrangement.