Voice behaviors have been studied by many organization management scholars as an important organizational citizenship behavior. However, the motivation of voice based on fear and obedience has not been paid enough attention. From the perspective of individual motivation, this paper focuses not only on prosocial voice, but also on defensive voice and acquiescent voice. And it examines the influence mechanism of regulatory focus on employee voice behavior, i.e., explores the mediating role of interpersonal harmony and the moderating role of psychological safety. The results of the survey of 550 employees in 17 private enterprises show that interpersonal harmony plays a mediating role between regulatory focus and voice behavior, that is to say, disintegration avoidance mediates the relationship between prevention focus and defensive voice and acquiescent voice, and harmony enhancement mediates the relationship between promotion focus and prosocial voice. Psychological safety negatively regulates the relationship between disintegration avoidance and defensive voice and acquiescent voice. The findings have some implications for enterprises to stimulate or decease specific employee voice behavior.