Climate change will have a systemic impact on global economic development. In order to deal with climate risks, western capitalist countries have produced the trend of ecological capitalism, among which ecological marketism has the greatest impact on the climate policies of western countries. Ecological marketism overemphasizes the price guiding role of market mechanism in mechanism logic, which leads to insufficient green investment. The policy logic relies too much on the efficient market theory, which makes it difficult to internalize the negative externalities of corporate carbon emissions. In terms of technical logic, the capital market is difficult to reach a consensus on climate risk pricing and cannot provide technical support. The institutional advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are as follows. Firstly, the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the fundamental guarantee for realizing socialist modernization. Secondly, in terms of mechanism logic, we have broken through the private ownership of capitalist means of production and guided green investment. Thirdly, in terms of policy logic, economic policies have been formulated based on the objective reality of economic and social development to avoid market failure. Fourthly, in terms of technical logic, the promising government has stimulated the market players to actively respond to the identification and assessment of climate risks.