To build socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics in the new era, it is necessary to clarify and understand important issues such as the characteristics of the times, the background of China and the attributes of socialism. The socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics in the new era pays attention to the profound changes of the times and has promoted the adapting Marxist political economies. Based on China’s background, borrowing from the beneficial ingredients of Western economics, the socialist political economies with Chinese characteristics in the new era has realized the transcendence of Western economics and the unity of science and value. The socialist political economies with Chinese characteristics in the new era focuses on the essential attributes of socialism, adheres to the core principles of the Party’s centralized and unified leadership of economic work, and the people-centered development concept, highlighting the significant advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In-depth research and scientific explanation of important issues of the political economies of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era such as the characteristics of the times, the background of China and the essential attributes of socialism can help accurately understand its core category and internal logic, and promote the establishment of the political economies of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.