Self-reform serves as the second solution for the Party to break free from the historical cycle of rise and fall. Confronted with the practical challenges unique to a major party and the imperative to deepen the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, building the Party through its doctrines, as a foundational project of its self-reform, has gained increasing significance. The intrinsic connection between the Party’s self-reform and ideological and political education lies in the logic of building a Marxist political party, both of which are unified by the essential attributes of such a party. Their shared value stance is fundamentally people-centered, their practical pathways are problem-oriented, and their objective is to preserve advanced nature. Over more than a century, they have formed a dynamically evolving pattern of mutual reinforcement. Ideological and political education plays a distinctive role in the Party’s self-reform. It consolidates ideological defenses and forges a spiritual core through value guidance and promotes positive transformation of prominent intra-Party issues through conflict resolution. Meanwhile, it enhances political competence and the capacity for struggle through practical empowerment and refines the political ecosystem to foster integrity and a healthy atmosphere through cultural influence. These four functions collectively advance the Party’s self-purification and self-renewal. In the new era, guided by innovations in the Party-building discourse system, a discourse matrix integrating “theoretical-institutional-cultural-digital” dimensions should be established. This requires optimizing demand-driven supply mechanisms and fostering integrated online-offline communication channels. By enhancing synergy among ideological and political education, institutional development, oversight systems, and conduct improvement, the Party can strengthen the intellectual impetus for its self-reform and demonstrate its contemporary value in addressing the challenges unique to a major party.