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2026,28(2):1-12
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.001
Abstract:
Cultural subjectivity represents a significant theoretical innovation within Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Studying cultural subjectivity from a perspective of macro-history essentially places this topic on the dual coordinates of the overall picture of the evolution of world history and the long-term development of the Chinese nation. It is carried out within the framework of the dialectical unity of the scientific understanding of historical laws, the conscious inheritance of the Chinese cultural heritage, and the value orientation of human liberation. To demonstrate the inevitability of constructing a subject culture that is rooted in cultural traditions, responds to the issues of the times, and points to the future of humanity, aiming to seek the historical initiative to promote the development of the cause of the Party and the country. From the perspective of macro-history, the time dimension of ancient and modern development, the space dimension of the collision and integration of Chinese and foreign civilizations, and the structural dimension of the integration of internal and external elements together form the existence form of contemporary cultural subjectivity. From the perspective of time, cultural subjectivity is the prescriptivity and identification of a country or nation formed in the historical layers of cultural evolution. From the perspective of space, cultural subjectivity is the autonomy and openness that does not depend on or exclude other cultures. From the perspective of structure, cultural subjectivity is the independence and determination of culture as an element of social structure compared with other fields. Under the new historical conditions, to continuously promote the formation and consolidation of cultural subjectivity requires promoting the unity of self-stability and self-renewal of the cultural core, the unity of the leading subject and the practice subject, the unity of the construction of cultural new quality productive forces, and the reform of the cultural system and mechanism. This is an important task to promote cultural prosperity, build up strength in culture, and assume a new cultural mission. It is also an essential part of enhancing cultural consciousness, strengthening cultural self-confidence, and realizing cultural self-improvement.
Cultural subjectivity represents a significant theoretical innovation within Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Studying cultural subjectivity from a perspective of macro-history essentially places this topic on the dual coordinates of the overall picture of the evolution of world history and the long-term development of the Chinese nation. It is carried out within the framework of the dialectical unity of the scientific understanding of historical laws, the conscious inheritance of the Chinese cultural heritage, and the value orientation of human liberation. To demonstrate the inevitability of constructing a subject culture that is rooted in cultural traditions, responds to the issues of the times, and points to the future of humanity, aiming to seek the historical initiative to promote the development of the cause of the Party and the country. From the perspective of macro-history, the time dimension of ancient and modern development, the space dimension of the collision and integration of Chinese and foreign civilizations, and the structural dimension of the integration of internal and external elements together form the existence form of contemporary cultural subjectivity. From the perspective of time, cultural subjectivity is the prescriptivity and identification of a country or nation formed in the historical layers of cultural evolution. From the perspective of space, cultural subjectivity is the autonomy and openness that does not depend on or exclude other cultures. From the perspective of structure, cultural subjectivity is the independence and determination of culture as an element of social structure compared with other fields. Under the new historical conditions, to continuously promote the formation and consolidation of cultural subjectivity requires promoting the unity of self-stability and self-renewal of the cultural core, the unity of the leading subject and the practice subject, the unity of the construction of cultural new quality productive forces, and the reform of the cultural system and mechanism. This is an important task to promote cultural prosperity, build up strength in culture, and assume a new cultural mission. It is also an essential part of enhancing cultural consciousness, strengthening cultural self-confidence, and realizing cultural self-improvement.
2026,28(2):13-20
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.002
Abstract:
At present, Chinese and foreign academic circles generally regard “communist society” and the “association of free individuals” as the same, and believe that the two concepts are exactly the same in Marx’s works. People are more familiar with communist society, but there are still some points that need to be clarified about the association of free individuals. First, the development of the concept of the association of free individuals in Marx’s text has gone through three stages: from the name of the republican state to the reference to the future society, and finally to the definition of the connotation of this concept. Only by seeing that it originates from modernity but is a rebellion against modernity can we grasp that its fundamental characteristic is criticality. Second, the association of free individuals and the communist society has similarities in three dimensions: both are rebellious concepts against modernity; both are scientific; and both have the same social form. Finally, the differences between the concepts of association of free individuals and communist society are compared from three perspectives: etymology, emphasis, and status. In terms of etymology, communist society emphasizes the collective, while the association of free individuals emphasizes the process of individual composition; communist society emphasizes totality and integrity, while the association of free individuals emphasizes relationality; in terms of status, communist society as the banner of communists is more fundamental and critical than the association of free individuals. Highlighting the differences between the two concepts helps further understand the tension between the individual and the community, Marx’s theory of social development, and the importance of the concept of association.
At present, Chinese and foreign academic circles generally regard “communist society” and the “association of free individuals” as the same, and believe that the two concepts are exactly the same in Marx’s works. People are more familiar with communist society, but there are still some points that need to be clarified about the association of free individuals. First, the development of the concept of the association of free individuals in Marx’s text has gone through three stages: from the name of the republican state to the reference to the future society, and finally to the definition of the connotation of this concept. Only by seeing that it originates from modernity but is a rebellion against modernity can we grasp that its fundamental characteristic is criticality. Second, the association of free individuals and the communist society has similarities in three dimensions: both are rebellious concepts against modernity; both are scientific; and both have the same social form. Finally, the differences between the concepts of association of free individuals and communist society are compared from three perspectives: etymology, emphasis, and status. In terms of etymology, communist society emphasizes the collective, while the association of free individuals emphasizes the process of individual composition; communist society emphasizes totality and integrity, while the association of free individuals emphasizes relationality; in terms of status, communist society as the banner of communists is more fundamental and critical than the association of free individuals. Highlighting the differences between the two concepts helps further understand the tension between the individual and the community, Marx’s theory of social development, and the importance of the concept of association.
2026,28(2):21-29
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.003
Abstract:
Speeding up the customized application of AI ideological and political model is an inevitable move to open up a new track for the development of ideological and political education and shape new advantages for the development of ideological and political education. As far as its connotation is concerned, the AI ideological and political model is a professional agent based on the general AI model, with strong relevant data or professional knowledge as training parameters, which can reflect the positions, views, and value attributes of ideological and political education. The AI ideological and political model is trained based on high-quality data or strong related professional knowledge, while the general AI model is only trained in ubiquitous data or general knowledge, which leads to a significant difference between the two. Compared with the general AI model, the performance of the AI ideological and political model is more professional, accurate, reliable, and safe. In terms of the choice of customization path, the vertical domain enhancement scheme relying on the full architecture general AI model has the advantages of a low customization threshold and less computational power consumption, which is more in line with the practical requirements of the intelligent development of ideological and political education. The scheme mainly enhances its practical performance in the ideological and political field by extracting the existing ideological and political education knowledge from the general AI model, inputting new ideological and political education knowledge into the general AI model, and integrating expert evaluation with ideological and political education. In the future, the construction of an AI ideological and political model should focus on the whole process system of “development, deployment, application, and feedback”, and enhance the “efficiency” of AI ideological and political model development by focusing on capacity building. Additionally, it should highlight the “utility” of its deployment by clarifying the application scenarios, standardize the “validity” of its application through anchoring tool orientation, and optimize the feedback “effect” by focusing on risk prevention and control.
Speeding up the customized application of AI ideological and political model is an inevitable move to open up a new track for the development of ideological and political education and shape new advantages for the development of ideological and political education. As far as its connotation is concerned, the AI ideological and political model is a professional agent based on the general AI model, with strong relevant data or professional knowledge as training parameters, which can reflect the positions, views, and value attributes of ideological and political education. The AI ideological and political model is trained based on high-quality data or strong related professional knowledge, while the general AI model is only trained in ubiquitous data or general knowledge, which leads to a significant difference between the two. Compared with the general AI model, the performance of the AI ideological and political model is more professional, accurate, reliable, and safe. In terms of the choice of customization path, the vertical domain enhancement scheme relying on the full architecture general AI model has the advantages of a low customization threshold and less computational power consumption, which is more in line with the practical requirements of the intelligent development of ideological and political education. The scheme mainly enhances its practical performance in the ideological and political field by extracting the existing ideological and political education knowledge from the general AI model, inputting new ideological and political education knowledge into the general AI model, and integrating expert evaluation with ideological and political education. In the future, the construction of an AI ideological and political model should focus on the whole process system of “development, deployment, application, and feedback”, and enhance the “efficiency” of AI ideological and political model development by focusing on capacity building. Additionally, it should highlight the “utility” of its deployment by clarifying the application scenarios, standardize the “validity” of its application through anchoring tool orientation, and optimize the feedback “effect” by focusing on risk prevention and control.
2026,28(2):30-39
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.004
Abstract:
After algorithmic recommendation technology is deeply embedded in cyberspace, the targeted supply of online ideological and political education has gradually formed a dynamic supply process through the coordination of target identification, content allocation, supply implementation, and effect feedback. As a crucial technical condition for platforms to organize information supply, algorithmic recommendation improves the feasibility of identifying supply targets, allocating supply content, and adjusting the supply process, and drives online ideological and political education to shift from relatively unified content distribution to more differentiated and targeted supply. Additionally, the operation of algorithmic recommendation is not inherently aligned with the educational goals of ideological and political education, bringing a series of realistic tension in terms of target confirmation, content orientation, and leading capacity. Specifically, the conflict between the uncertainty and generativity of educational recipients and the logic of active recommendation may lead to inaccurate identification of supply targets, omission of potential recipients, and rigidification of recipient structures. The mismatch between the intensification of individual preferences and the weakening of universal content provision tends to reduce the communication space for public-oriented content and reshape the value orientation and allocation logic of supplied content. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the expansion of platform power and the decline of educational dominance further undermines the decision-making foundation and implementation leadership of targeted supply. The algorithm-driven empowerment of the network ideological and political education for precise supply and the adjustment of the tension involved, technical fixes are insufficient. It is essential to accurately identify educational recipients through dynamic perception, strengthen the supply of public values with high-quality content, and safeguard the dominant role of educational subjects via collaborative governance, thereby promoting algorithmic recommendations to better serve the practical advancement of targeted supply in online ideological and political education.
After algorithmic recommendation technology is deeply embedded in cyberspace, the targeted supply of online ideological and political education has gradually formed a dynamic supply process through the coordination of target identification, content allocation, supply implementation, and effect feedback. As a crucial technical condition for platforms to organize information supply, algorithmic recommendation improves the feasibility of identifying supply targets, allocating supply content, and adjusting the supply process, and drives online ideological and political education to shift from relatively unified content distribution to more differentiated and targeted supply. Additionally, the operation of algorithmic recommendation is not inherently aligned with the educational goals of ideological and political education, bringing a series of realistic tension in terms of target confirmation, content orientation, and leading capacity. Specifically, the conflict between the uncertainty and generativity of educational recipients and the logic of active recommendation may lead to inaccurate identification of supply targets, omission of potential recipients, and rigidification of recipient structures. The mismatch between the intensification of individual preferences and the weakening of universal content provision tends to reduce the communication space for public-oriented content and reshape the value orientation and allocation logic of supplied content. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the expansion of platform power and the decline of educational dominance further undermines the decision-making foundation and implementation leadership of targeted supply. The algorithm-driven empowerment of the network ideological and political education for precise supply and the adjustment of the tension involved, technical fixes are insufficient. It is essential to accurately identify educational recipients through dynamic perception, strengthen the supply of public values with high-quality content, and safeguard the dominant role of educational subjects via collaborative governance, thereby promoting algorithmic recommendations to better serve the practical advancement of targeted supply in online ideological and political education.
2026,28(2):40-51
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.005
Abstract:
Developing rural elderly-caring services on the premise of stimulating the endogenous driving force of rural areas not only makes up for the deficiency of existing studies that focus on identifying “where the shortcomings of rural elderly-caring services lie” and “how to address these shortcomings”—a focus that has led to the neglect of rural areas’ subjectivity—but also conforms to the policy shift in the supply of rural elderly-caring services during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, from emphasizing “addressing shortcomings” to taking into account “sustainability”. Based on on-site field investigations of two case villages in Ordos City, and by constructing an analytical framework from the perspective of the need spillover theory, this paper explores the practical form, operation mechanism, and impacts of building a governance community for a rural aging society supported by the collective economy. The findings are as follows. First, taking the need spillover theory as the basic theory for analyzing rural elderly-caring issues has strong applicability and explanatory power. Second, by implementing the “land-based elderly care” model and the “aging-in-place” model, respectively, the two case villages have achieved a developmental shift in the practical form of elderly-caring services from the “supply-demand mismatch type” to the “supply-demand adaptive matching type”. Finally, under the analytical strategy of placing land at the core of the rural aging social form, building a governance community for rural aging society supported by collective economy involves a dual operational mechanism: on one hand, the “productive” and “welfare” attributes of land are the guarantee of enhancing the supply capacity of rural public services and forming geographical solidarity, thereby promoting the formation of “community of interests” and “community of life”, which has brought abundant “governance resources” to rural aging society; on the other hand, the “cultural” and “political” attributes of land have activated the collective identity of the public attribute of elderly caring and given rise to a new order of rural governance featuring joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, and shaped “community of emotion” and “community of organization”, aiming to achieve high-level “governance efficacy” in rural elderly society.
Developing rural elderly-caring services on the premise of stimulating the endogenous driving force of rural areas not only makes up for the deficiency of existing studies that focus on identifying “where the shortcomings of rural elderly-caring services lie” and “how to address these shortcomings”—a focus that has led to the neglect of rural areas’ subjectivity—but also conforms to the policy shift in the supply of rural elderly-caring services during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, from emphasizing “addressing shortcomings” to taking into account “sustainability”. Based on on-site field investigations of two case villages in Ordos City, and by constructing an analytical framework from the perspective of the need spillover theory, this paper explores the practical form, operation mechanism, and impacts of building a governance community for a rural aging society supported by the collective economy. The findings are as follows. First, taking the need spillover theory as the basic theory for analyzing rural elderly-caring issues has strong applicability and explanatory power. Second, by implementing the “land-based elderly care” model and the “aging-in-place” model, respectively, the two case villages have achieved a developmental shift in the practical form of elderly-caring services from the “supply-demand mismatch type” to the “supply-demand adaptive matching type”. Finally, under the analytical strategy of placing land at the core of the rural aging social form, building a governance community for rural aging society supported by collective economy involves a dual operational mechanism: on one hand, the “productive” and “welfare” attributes of land are the guarantee of enhancing the supply capacity of rural public services and forming geographical solidarity, thereby promoting the formation of “community of interests” and “community of life”, which has brought abundant “governance resources” to rural aging society; on the other hand, the “cultural” and “political” attributes of land have activated the collective identity of the public attribute of elderly caring and given rise to a new order of rural governance featuring joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, and shaped “community of emotion” and “community of organization”, aiming to achieve high-level “governance efficacy” in rural elderly society.
2026,28(2):52-67
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.006
Abstract:
The digital-intelligent transformation of inclusive elderly care services constitutes an institutional change process jointly driven by exogenous technological opportunities and endogenous governance contradictions. Based on a longitudinal case study of City W, this paper partitions its transformation trajectory into three stages, namely, informatization foundation, digital integration, and intelligent integration, and yields four principal findings. First, as the transformation is driven by exogenous technological opportunities and endogenous governance contradictions, the focal contradictions evolve from the information black box to data silos, and ultimately to the service efficacy gap. Second, the transformation trajectory is co-shaped by the power relations and compatibility among five institutional logics—state, bureaucratic, market, community, and digital-intelligent—whose interactions progress through three escalating modes: crowding-out-and-absorption, competition, and integration. Third, actor strategies shift systematically with the configuration of institutional logics. Under a highly centralized bureaucratic logic that crowds out competing logics, actors converge on dependency strategies, trading compliance for legitimacy and resources; as multiple logics deepen their interaction and actors confront legitimacy criteria rooted in divergent logics, strategies diversify into selective, absorptive, and coalitional forms. Additionally, older adults undergo a role transition from passive data objects to substantive governance participants. Fourth, the institutional outputs of each stage feed back as new sources of contradiction, propelling institutional change in the subsequent stage. The current intelligent-integration stage, therefore, marks not an endpoint but the onset of renewed institutional adaptation, confronting emergent challenges of data ownership, algorithmic accountability, and ecosystem monopolization. Advancing the transformation hinges on identifying the dominant modality of logic conflict at each stage and designing stage-specific intervention points and coordinating instruments.
The digital-intelligent transformation of inclusive elderly care services constitutes an institutional change process jointly driven by exogenous technological opportunities and endogenous governance contradictions. Based on a longitudinal case study of City W, this paper partitions its transformation trajectory into three stages, namely, informatization foundation, digital integration, and intelligent integration, and yields four principal findings. First, as the transformation is driven by exogenous technological opportunities and endogenous governance contradictions, the focal contradictions evolve from the information black box to data silos, and ultimately to the service efficacy gap. Second, the transformation trajectory is co-shaped by the power relations and compatibility among five institutional logics—state, bureaucratic, market, community, and digital-intelligent—whose interactions progress through three escalating modes: crowding-out-and-absorption, competition, and integration. Third, actor strategies shift systematically with the configuration of institutional logics. Under a highly centralized bureaucratic logic that crowds out competing logics, actors converge on dependency strategies, trading compliance for legitimacy and resources; as multiple logics deepen their interaction and actors confront legitimacy criteria rooted in divergent logics, strategies diversify into selective, absorptive, and coalitional forms. Additionally, older adults undergo a role transition from passive data objects to substantive governance participants. Fourth, the institutional outputs of each stage feed back as new sources of contradiction, propelling institutional change in the subsequent stage. The current intelligent-integration stage, therefore, marks not an endpoint but the onset of renewed institutional adaptation, confronting emergent challenges of data ownership, algorithmic accountability, and ecosystem monopolization. Advancing the transformation hinges on identifying the dominant modality of logic conflict at each stage and designing stage-specific intervention points and coordinating instruments.
2026,28(2):68-80
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.007
Abstract:
The spatial distribution of elderly care service resources is crucial to the overall efficacy of the national eldercare system. Utilizing ArcGIS to observe the distribution of elderly care service resources at the prefecture-level city scale across China, this paper finds that the distribution highly aligns with the demographic pattern of the “Hu Line”. It exhibits significant positive spatial autocorrelation and agglomeration characteristics, forming five high-density core belts. Addressing the current “spatial mismatch” between the distribution of elderly care service resources and the aging population, this paper first delineates the supply-demand matching relationship via spatial thermal analysis. Subsequently, it employs cross-sectional OLS regression coupled with city-level clustered robust standard errors to thoroughly investigate the underlying economic and social mechanisms driving spatial resource allocation. Empirical results indicate that first, population aging exerts a fundamental driving effect on resource agglomeration; however, this mechanism is highly contingent upon the “conditional triggering” of social security coverage and residents’ income levels. Second, this paper reveals a “cost disease” crowding-out effect within the eldercare industry in developed regions, where exorbitant land rents and operational costs prevent certain economic hubs from achieving a proportional expansion of basic care beds. Third, environmental amenities and the abundance of medical resources are emerging as core driving forces in reshaping the spatial network of elderly care services, while regional demand heterogeneity significantly impacts the qualitative structure of these resources. Based on the aforementioned mechanisms, this paper proposes targeted optimization countermeasures: first, to address the pain point of “medical-elderly care separation”, it explores dynamic conversion mechanisms between “medical beds” and “elderly care beds”, alongside seamless medical insurance settlements. Second, to counteract the “cost disease” in megacities, policies should promote the cross-regional portability of eldercare subsidies and establish “wellness enclaves” in peripheral node cities. Third, confronting the urban-rural spatial divide, financial transfer payments should implement a “spatial tilting” strategy to construct a three-tier “county-town-village” inclusive service network, thereby effectively bridging the “spatial depression” in rural elderly care services.
The spatial distribution of elderly care service resources is crucial to the overall efficacy of the national eldercare system. Utilizing ArcGIS to observe the distribution of elderly care service resources at the prefecture-level city scale across China, this paper finds that the distribution highly aligns with the demographic pattern of the “Hu Line”. It exhibits significant positive spatial autocorrelation and agglomeration characteristics, forming five high-density core belts. Addressing the current “spatial mismatch” between the distribution of elderly care service resources and the aging population, this paper first delineates the supply-demand matching relationship via spatial thermal analysis. Subsequently, it employs cross-sectional OLS regression coupled with city-level clustered robust standard errors to thoroughly investigate the underlying economic and social mechanisms driving spatial resource allocation. Empirical results indicate that first, population aging exerts a fundamental driving effect on resource agglomeration; however, this mechanism is highly contingent upon the “conditional triggering” of social security coverage and residents’ income levels. Second, this paper reveals a “cost disease” crowding-out effect within the eldercare industry in developed regions, where exorbitant land rents and operational costs prevent certain economic hubs from achieving a proportional expansion of basic care beds. Third, environmental amenities and the abundance of medical resources are emerging as core driving forces in reshaping the spatial network of elderly care services, while regional demand heterogeneity significantly impacts the qualitative structure of these resources. Based on the aforementioned mechanisms, this paper proposes targeted optimization countermeasures: first, to address the pain point of “medical-elderly care separation”, it explores dynamic conversion mechanisms between “medical beds” and “elderly care beds”, alongside seamless medical insurance settlements. Second, to counteract the “cost disease” in megacities, policies should promote the cross-regional portability of eldercare subsidies and establish “wellness enclaves” in peripheral node cities. Third, confronting the urban-rural spatial divide, financial transfer payments should implement a “spatial tilting” strategy to construct a three-tier “county-town-village” inclusive service network, thereby effectively bridging the “spatial depression” in rural elderly care services.
2026,28(2):81-93
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.008
Abstract:
The positive impact of delayed retirement policies on the financial balance of pension insurance has been confirmed by both academic research and the practices of countries. Given China’s large population base and the rapid population aging, it is imperative to evaluate the long-term effects of specific delayed retirement schemes and to explore supporting policies following their implementation. To this end, this study constructs a static actuarial model to approximately identify the causal effects of delayed retirement policies. The sample consists of urban male employees born between 1965 and 1984. By fixing average life expectancy, standardizing monthly contribution levels and benefit payments, and controlling for other confounding factors, this study conducts actuarial simulations of pension fund revenues and expenditures under three scenarios: the pre-reform baseline, conventional delayed retirement, and unconventional (extended) delayed retirement, aiming to isolate the pure time effect generated by adjustments in retirement age. Under the static assumptions, this study finds that delayed retirement policies effectively improve the financial status of pension funds by extending contribution periods and shortening the duration of benefit receipt. Under the conventional delayed retirement scenario, total pension expenditures decrease by CNY 84.965 billion compared to the pre-reform baseline, representing a reduction of 10.5%, while the net fund balance improves by CNY 135.665 billion. Under the unconventional delayed retirement scenario, total pension expenditures further decrease by CNY 254.035 billion, with a reduction of 31.3%, and the net fund balance improvement rises to CNY 387.682 billion. The results confirm that delayed retirement, as a key policy adjustment tool, plays a significant role in maintaining the actuarial balance of pension funds. However, the effectiveness of such policies depends not only on their financial benefits but also on the establishment of a favorable social environment. By improving family support systems tailored to different age groups, fostering coordinated intergenerational employment mechanisms, and ensuring comprehensive labor and social security rights and interests, it is essential to enhance public acceptance of the policy and individuals’ willingness to respond positively, thereby achieving a harmonious alignment between institutional objectives and overall social welfare.
The positive impact of delayed retirement policies on the financial balance of pension insurance has been confirmed by both academic research and the practices of countries. Given China’s large population base and the rapid population aging, it is imperative to evaluate the long-term effects of specific delayed retirement schemes and to explore supporting policies following their implementation. To this end, this study constructs a static actuarial model to approximately identify the causal effects of delayed retirement policies. The sample consists of urban male employees born between 1965 and 1984. By fixing average life expectancy, standardizing monthly contribution levels and benefit payments, and controlling for other confounding factors, this study conducts actuarial simulations of pension fund revenues and expenditures under three scenarios: the pre-reform baseline, conventional delayed retirement, and unconventional (extended) delayed retirement, aiming to isolate the pure time effect generated by adjustments in retirement age. Under the static assumptions, this study finds that delayed retirement policies effectively improve the financial status of pension funds by extending contribution periods and shortening the duration of benefit receipt. Under the conventional delayed retirement scenario, total pension expenditures decrease by CNY 84.965 billion compared to the pre-reform baseline, representing a reduction of 10.5%, while the net fund balance improves by CNY 135.665 billion. Under the unconventional delayed retirement scenario, total pension expenditures further decrease by CNY 254.035 billion, with a reduction of 31.3%, and the net fund balance improvement rises to CNY 387.682 billion. The results confirm that delayed retirement, as a key policy adjustment tool, plays a significant role in maintaining the actuarial balance of pension funds. However, the effectiveness of such policies depends not only on their financial benefits but also on the establishment of a favorable social environment. By improving family support systems tailored to different age groups, fostering coordinated intergenerational employment mechanisms, and ensuring comprehensive labor and social security rights and interests, it is essential to enhance public acceptance of the policy and individuals’ willingness to respond positively, thereby achieving a harmonious alignment between institutional objectives and overall social welfare.
2026,28(2):94-106
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.009
Abstract:
In the intelligent media era, the elderly group generally faces dilemmas of digital inclusion, including weak basic digital operation skills, insufficient information identification ability, and a lack of in-depth participation. Based on media literacy theory, this study defines digital literacy as a derivative form of media literacy in the digital society, and constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework covering basic operation, cognitive criticism, and practical empowerment. By introducing Giddens’ structuration theory, it reveals that the generative dilemma of digital literacy among the elderly results from the superposition of multiple factors: structural exclusion in technology supply, imbalance in the online information environment, absence of the social support system, and activation of individual psychological defense mechanisms. These four factors transmit sequentially and reinforce each other cyclically, forming a self-reinforcing closed loop. Accordingly, a systematic improvement mechanism with multi-stakeholder collaboration among the government, platforms, society, families, and individuals is proposed. At the level of technology supply, it advocates abandoning utilitarian transformation and promoting full-process age-friendly native design, realizing the transformation from “late adaptation” to “source design”. At the level of information environment, it calls for advancing the good-governance of algorithms, breaking information cocoons, regulating platforms’ implicit value extraction, and expanding the discourse power of the elderly in the digital public sphere. At the level of social support, it emphasizes improving institutional safeguards, activating intergenerational digital feedback within families, and optimizing public service supply. At the individual psychological level, it focuses on providing psychological counseling and empowerment, reshaping the elderly’s digital self-identity, and stimulating their subjective initiative. This study aims to eliminate intergenerational communication barriers through multi-dimensional governance, help the elderly achieve a digital transformation from passive adaptation to active integration, and provide theoretical references and practical paths for building active aging and an inclusive digital society.
In the intelligent media era, the elderly group generally faces dilemmas of digital inclusion, including weak basic digital operation skills, insufficient information identification ability, and a lack of in-depth participation. Based on media literacy theory, this study defines digital literacy as a derivative form of media literacy in the digital society, and constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework covering basic operation, cognitive criticism, and practical empowerment. By introducing Giddens’ structuration theory, it reveals that the generative dilemma of digital literacy among the elderly results from the superposition of multiple factors: structural exclusion in technology supply, imbalance in the online information environment, absence of the social support system, and activation of individual psychological defense mechanisms. These four factors transmit sequentially and reinforce each other cyclically, forming a self-reinforcing closed loop. Accordingly, a systematic improvement mechanism with multi-stakeholder collaboration among the government, platforms, society, families, and individuals is proposed. At the level of technology supply, it advocates abandoning utilitarian transformation and promoting full-process age-friendly native design, realizing the transformation from “late adaptation” to “source design”. At the level of information environment, it calls for advancing the good-governance of algorithms, breaking information cocoons, regulating platforms’ implicit value extraction, and expanding the discourse power of the elderly in the digital public sphere. At the level of social support, it emphasizes improving institutional safeguards, activating intergenerational digital feedback within families, and optimizing public service supply. At the individual psychological level, it focuses on providing psychological counseling and empowerment, reshaping the elderly’s digital self-identity, and stimulating their subjective initiative. This study aims to eliminate intergenerational communication barriers through multi-dimensional governance, help the elderly achieve a digital transformation from passive adaptation to active integration, and provide theoretical references and practical paths for building active aging and an inclusive digital society.
2026,28(2):107-118
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.010
Abstract:
With the comprehensive advancement of the “dual carbon” goal, carbon emission reduction policies have become increasingly prominent in China’s green development landscape, serving as a crucial instrument for coordinating economic transformation and ecological civilization construction. Local governments are the primary executors of these policies. In practice, how to translate the central government’s policy objectives and institutional requirements into concrete actions while balancing local resources and development demands has become the key to successful policy implementation. Focusing on the contextual practice of policy implementation, this paper identifies four prevalent types of implementation deviation by local governments in fulfilling carbon reduction tasks: mechanical implementation, selective implementation, symbolic implementation, and “one-size-fits-all” implementation. These deviations are not random occurrences but represent specific behavioral choices made by local governments under particular institutional constraints and governance structures, reflecting deeper issues such as imbalanced incentives and misaligned authority and responsibility within central-local government relations. Based on the analytical framework of the central-local principal-agent relations, this paper analyzes the inherent causes of implementation deviations: The “rational eco-man” mindset leads to policy cognitive biases; information asymmetry exacerbates regulatory evasion; current indicator allocation mechanisms restrict local initiative; and the assessment and incentive systems malfunction. Based on this analysis, the paper constructs a pathway to address these deviations from four dimensions: concept, technology, method, and institution. At the conceptual level, it clarifies the promotion logic and implementation pace of the “dual carbon” goals. At the technological level, it strengthens information-sharing mechanisms and collaborative supervision capabilities. At the methodological level, it promotes regional collaboration and improves market trading mechanisms. At the institutional level, it optimizes assessment methods and incentive-constraint systems. These pathways can reinforce the transmission chain of carbon reduction policies from central design to local implementation, enhance the precision of policy implementation and governance effectiveness, and provide theoretical support and institutional insights for achieving the “dual carbon” goals.
With the comprehensive advancement of the “dual carbon” goal, carbon emission reduction policies have become increasingly prominent in China’s green development landscape, serving as a crucial instrument for coordinating economic transformation and ecological civilization construction. Local governments are the primary executors of these policies. In practice, how to translate the central government’s policy objectives and institutional requirements into concrete actions while balancing local resources and development demands has become the key to successful policy implementation. Focusing on the contextual practice of policy implementation, this paper identifies four prevalent types of implementation deviation by local governments in fulfilling carbon reduction tasks: mechanical implementation, selective implementation, symbolic implementation, and “one-size-fits-all” implementation. These deviations are not random occurrences but represent specific behavioral choices made by local governments under particular institutional constraints and governance structures, reflecting deeper issues such as imbalanced incentives and misaligned authority and responsibility within central-local government relations. Based on the analytical framework of the central-local principal-agent relations, this paper analyzes the inherent causes of implementation deviations: The “rational eco-man” mindset leads to policy cognitive biases; information asymmetry exacerbates regulatory evasion; current indicator allocation mechanisms restrict local initiative; and the assessment and incentive systems malfunction. Based on this analysis, the paper constructs a pathway to address these deviations from four dimensions: concept, technology, method, and institution. At the conceptual level, it clarifies the promotion logic and implementation pace of the “dual carbon” goals. At the technological level, it strengthens information-sharing mechanisms and collaborative supervision capabilities. At the methodological level, it promotes regional collaboration and improves market trading mechanisms. At the institutional level, it optimizes assessment methods and incentive-constraint systems. These pathways can reinforce the transmission chain of carbon reduction policies from central design to local implementation, enhance the precision of policy implementation and governance effectiveness, and provide theoretical support and institutional insights for achieving the “dual carbon” goals.
2026,28(2):119-128
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.011
Abstract:
The establishment of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation reflects the trend of the guiding ideology for China’s environmental legislation gradually shifting from “post relief” to “pre-prevention”. Preventive environmental civil public interest litigation emphasizes risk prevention rather than damage relief. It not only supplements the preventive function of environmental public interest litigation but also meets the practical needs of preventing environmental damage risks at present, which renders it legitimate. Given its characteristics, the traditional civil litigation regulations that focus on relief functions cannot be directly applied, and the construction of the system should distinguish it from traditional remedial environmental civil public interest litigation in terms of constituent elements, evidentiary rules, and liability bearing methods. First, the particularity of the constituent elements of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation is mainly reflected in the determination of “significant risks”. The basic object of “major risks” should be limited to environmental public interests, and the determination of major risks should be mainly based on the court and supplemented by administrative agencies, taking into account factors such as the possibility, severity, and urgency of damage occurrence. Second, in terms of evidence rules, it should be distinguished from general environmental infringement litigation, with a reasonable allocation of the burden of proof and clear standards of proof. Third, the plaintiff provides preliminary evidence of the facts to be proved in the pre-trial stage, while the defendant needs to provide counter evidence of the presumption of causality in the trial stage. Fourth, in terms of the liability bearing methods, the extension of preventive responsibility can be achieved through flexible use of the prohibition order system and the addition of alternative responsibilities, aiming to effectively connect environmental justice with environmental administrative law enforcement.
The establishment of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation reflects the trend of the guiding ideology for China’s environmental legislation gradually shifting from “post relief” to “pre-prevention”. Preventive environmental civil public interest litigation emphasizes risk prevention rather than damage relief. It not only supplements the preventive function of environmental public interest litigation but also meets the practical needs of preventing environmental damage risks at present, which renders it legitimate. Given its characteristics, the traditional civil litigation regulations that focus on relief functions cannot be directly applied, and the construction of the system should distinguish it from traditional remedial environmental civil public interest litigation in terms of constituent elements, evidentiary rules, and liability bearing methods. First, the particularity of the constituent elements of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation is mainly reflected in the determination of “significant risks”. The basic object of “major risks” should be limited to environmental public interests, and the determination of major risks should be mainly based on the court and supplemented by administrative agencies, taking into account factors such as the possibility, severity, and urgency of damage occurrence. Second, in terms of evidence rules, it should be distinguished from general environmental infringement litigation, with a reasonable allocation of the burden of proof and clear standards of proof. Third, the plaintiff provides preliminary evidence of the facts to be proved in the pre-trial stage, while the defendant needs to provide counter evidence of the presumption of causality in the trial stage. Fourth, in terms of the liability bearing methods, the extension of preventive responsibility can be achieved through flexible use of the prohibition order system and the addition of alternative responsibilities, aiming to effectively connect environmental justice with environmental administrative law enforcement.
2026,28(2):129-138
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.012
Abstract:
Consumption serves as the core engine for stimulating domestic demand. As the starting point of production and the beginning of the next cycle of reproduction, its influence permeates all aspects of the economic cycle, including production, exchange, and distribution. Currently, insufficient household consumption, particularly the inadequate development of service consumption, poses a fundamental constraint to the expansion and upgrading of consumption. From the perspective of “three new forms of consumption” (new scenarios, new business formats, and new models), this study introduces the “flywheel effect” to construct an analytical framework for promoting consumption expansion and upgrading. The study finds that new scenarios, through spatial reconfiguration and experiential enhancement, reshape consumer behavior and provide a foundation for the emergence of new business formats; new business formats evolve through supply diversification and value chain extension, further giving rise to new models; and new models, through institutional and mechanism innovation, activate latent demand while feeding back into the iterative upgrading of scenarios and formats. This study systematically identifies the constraints on the development of the “three new forms of consumption” and proposes key breakthrough paths: first, it is necessary to cultivate sustainable new consumption scenarios by strengthening firms’ digital-intelligent capabilities and improving the spatial quality of small and medium-sized cities. Second, it is essential to enhance the resilience and competitiveness of new business formats by focusing on supply-side quality improvement. Third, it is essential to improve institutional arrangements and risk governance by addressing cross-sector regulatory challenges, preventing consumption alienation, and fostering a healthy demand foundation to support the diffusion of innovative models.
Consumption serves as the core engine for stimulating domestic demand. As the starting point of production and the beginning of the next cycle of reproduction, its influence permeates all aspects of the economic cycle, including production, exchange, and distribution. Currently, insufficient household consumption, particularly the inadequate development of service consumption, poses a fundamental constraint to the expansion and upgrading of consumption. From the perspective of “three new forms of consumption” (new scenarios, new business formats, and new models), this study introduces the “flywheel effect” to construct an analytical framework for promoting consumption expansion and upgrading. The study finds that new scenarios, through spatial reconfiguration and experiential enhancement, reshape consumer behavior and provide a foundation for the emergence of new business formats; new business formats evolve through supply diversification and value chain extension, further giving rise to new models; and new models, through institutional and mechanism innovation, activate latent demand while feeding back into the iterative upgrading of scenarios and formats. This study systematically identifies the constraints on the development of the “three new forms of consumption” and proposes key breakthrough paths: first, it is necessary to cultivate sustainable new consumption scenarios by strengthening firms’ digital-intelligent capabilities and improving the spatial quality of small and medium-sized cities. Second, it is essential to enhance the resilience and competitiveness of new business formats by focusing on supply-side quality improvement. Third, it is essential to improve institutional arrangements and risk governance by addressing cross-sector regulatory challenges, preventing consumption alienation, and fostering a healthy demand foundation to support the diffusion of innovative models.
2026,28(2):139-151
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.013
Abstract:
Boosting domestic demand directly fulfills the people’s growing need for a better life and serves as a key engine for building a new development paradigm centered on domestic circulation while promoting mutual reinforcement between domestic and international circulation. With the advancement of digital technology, the penetration rate of digital consumption represented by E-commerce live streaming has steadily increased, exerting a significant impact on domestic demand. From the perspective of consumption channels, E-commerce live streaming may complement offline channels and traditional E-commerce channels (suggesting it drives incremental expansion) or compete with them (indicating it substitutes for existing consumption). Theoretical analysis indicates that, compared to the other two channels, E-commerce livestreaming creates new demand, expands market boundaries, and enhances conversion rates. Based on this, this paper proposes the hypothesis that E-commerce livestreaming has an incremental expansion effect on overall consumption rather than a substitution effect. This paper empirically tests this hypothesis using provincial-quarterly data from 2020 to 2024. Results from benchmark regression, robustness tests, exclusion of competing hypotheses, and instrumental variables all confirm that E-commerce livestreaming drives incremental expansion in overall consumption. Specifically, consumption growth attributable to livestreaming accounts for approximately 8.9% of household consumption growth. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that livestreaming stimulates rural consumption more significantly than urban consumption, with significant variations in consumption-boosting effects across different livestreaming categories—fresh food, exhibiting lower elasticity, showing the strongest effect.
Boosting domestic demand directly fulfills the people’s growing need for a better life and serves as a key engine for building a new development paradigm centered on domestic circulation while promoting mutual reinforcement between domestic and international circulation. With the advancement of digital technology, the penetration rate of digital consumption represented by E-commerce live streaming has steadily increased, exerting a significant impact on domestic demand. From the perspective of consumption channels, E-commerce live streaming may complement offline channels and traditional E-commerce channels (suggesting it drives incremental expansion) or compete with them (indicating it substitutes for existing consumption). Theoretical analysis indicates that, compared to the other two channels, E-commerce livestreaming creates new demand, expands market boundaries, and enhances conversion rates. Based on this, this paper proposes the hypothesis that E-commerce livestreaming has an incremental expansion effect on overall consumption rather than a substitution effect. This paper empirically tests this hypothesis using provincial-quarterly data from 2020 to 2024. Results from benchmark regression, robustness tests, exclusion of competing hypotheses, and instrumental variables all confirm that E-commerce livestreaming drives incremental expansion in overall consumption. Specifically, consumption growth attributable to livestreaming accounts for approximately 8.9% of household consumption growth. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that livestreaming stimulates rural consumption more significantly than urban consumption, with significant variations in consumption-boosting effects across different livestreaming categories—fresh food, exhibiting lower elasticity, showing the strongest effect.
2026,28(2):152-164
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.02.014
Abstract:
China’s unique “family culture” profoundly influences residents’ consumption behavior, constituting a crucial micro-level factor in the strategy to expand domestic demand. Enhancing household consumption resilience is vital for stabilizing domestic demand and strengthening the economic system’s capacity to withstand uncertain shocks. Based on the longitudinal data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this study employs the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to construct a comprehensive household consumption resilience index. It empirically examines the impact of the aging household structure (household aging) on consumption resilience and its underlying mechanisms through a two-way fixed effects model. The results indicate that household aging exerts a significant negative effect on consumption resilience, primarily through reducing household consumption capacity, suppressing household consumption willingness, and solidifying household consumption patterns. The threshold effect tests show that the impact of household aging on consumption resilience is nonlinear, and heterogeneity analysis reveals that the resilience loss is more pronounced among retired households and elderly households in western China. Further research reveals that households with elderly members who enjoy good health, receive intergenerational economic support, and are re-employed after retirement can effectively offset the negative impacts of population aging. Therefore, it is necessary to actively explore the scientific connotation of investing in human capital in the era of longevity, implement a full-age, inclusive employment promotion strategy for workers to consolidate consumption capacity, improve the social security system, and effectively manage uncertainty risks for aging households to enhance consumption confidence, and guide the integrated development of the silver market and the household economy to optimize consumption structures. It helps continuously repair and enhance household consumption resilience, and strengthen the endogenous driving force for the domestic economic cycle.
China’s unique “family culture” profoundly influences residents’ consumption behavior, constituting a crucial micro-level factor in the strategy to expand domestic demand. Enhancing household consumption resilience is vital for stabilizing domestic demand and strengthening the economic system’s capacity to withstand uncertain shocks. Based on the longitudinal data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this study employs the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method to construct a comprehensive household consumption resilience index. It empirically examines the impact of the aging household structure (household aging) on consumption resilience and its underlying mechanisms through a two-way fixed effects model. The results indicate that household aging exerts a significant negative effect on consumption resilience, primarily through reducing household consumption capacity, suppressing household consumption willingness, and solidifying household consumption patterns. The threshold effect tests show that the impact of household aging on consumption resilience is nonlinear, and heterogeneity analysis reveals that the resilience loss is more pronounced among retired households and elderly households in western China. Further research reveals that households with elderly members who enjoy good health, receive intergenerational economic support, and are re-employed after retirement can effectively offset the negative impacts of population aging. Therefore, it is necessary to actively explore the scientific connotation of investing in human capital in the era of longevity, implement a full-age, inclusive employment promotion strategy for workers to consolidate consumption capacity, improve the social security system, and effectively manage uncertainty risks for aging households to enhance consumption confidence, and guide the integrated development of the silver market and the household economy to optimize consumption structures. It helps continuously repair and enhance household consumption resilience, and strengthen the endogenous driving force for the domestic economic cycle.
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2020,22(2):39-47, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.02.006
Abstract:
All major pandemic diseases and epidemics have important characteristics such as a wide scope, cross region, on a social and global scale. The control of pandemic diseases and epidemics in line with full factors and whole process needs to give full play to the function of modern digital technology of big data. Taking the full life cycle management of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) outbreak from beginning to the end of pandemic as a case, this paper discusses the application of big data in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control, [JP2]such as supporting continuous improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment, supporting virus tracing and analysis, supporting epidemiological investigation and diagnosis, accurate monitoring and judgment of epidemic situation, effective screening of epidemic situation, telemedicine diagnosis and treatment, accurate early warning of epidemic situation. It proposes the innovation and application of big data such as the comprehensive study and judgment of the situation, the building of a “six level” joint prevention and control system from the state to the community, scientific and precise social governance during the epidemic period, AI intelligent innovative medical products, intelligent medical industry and the socio economic recovery and development in the post epidemic period. The problems of data accuracy, data segmentation, data disclosure and insufficient privacy protection in the application of big data in the prevention and control of major epidemic diseases are pointed out. [JP]
All major pandemic diseases and epidemics have important characteristics such as a wide scope, cross region, on a social and global scale. The control of pandemic diseases and epidemics in line with full factors and whole process needs to give full play to the function of modern digital technology of big data. Taking the full life cycle management of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) outbreak from beginning to the end of pandemic as a case, this paper discusses the application of big data in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control, [JP2]such as supporting continuous improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment, supporting virus tracing and analysis, supporting epidemiological investigation and diagnosis, accurate monitoring and judgment of epidemic situation, effective screening of epidemic situation, telemedicine diagnosis and treatment, accurate early warning of epidemic situation. It proposes the innovation and application of big data such as the comprehensive study and judgment of the situation, the building of a “six level” joint prevention and control system from the state to the community, scientific and precise social governance during the epidemic period, AI intelligent innovative medical products, intelligent medical industry and the socio economic recovery and development in the post epidemic period. The problems of data accuracy, data segmentation, data disclosure and insufficient privacy protection in the application of big data in the prevention and control of major epidemic diseases are pointed out. [JP]
2019,21(1):1-10, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671.2019.01.001
Abstract:
The development of the new generation of artificial intelligence and the future prospect of the autonomous evolution of artificial general intelligence have highlighted the importance of information need research. The investigation on information need not only relates to the deepening understanding of human need and thus, human nature, but also involves the understanding of the nature of artificial general intelligence and its driving mechanism of autonomous evolution. The research of information and its evolution has provided conditions for the investigation on information need to expand from organism to information agent, so that it is possible to understand the information need more effectively and move towards the unified understanding of human intelligence, artificial intelligence and their common evolutionary mechanism. Information need is the desire of information agents to find and obtain information in order to meet their conscious or unconscious needs. It is not only the driven engine of intelligent evolution, but also the performance of human nature and the basic characteristics of artificial general intelligence. The reciprocity of information and the intercommunity of information needs to be satisfied and produced determine that the artificial general intelligence, which has developed to a certain level, may have the common nature with human being. This involves not only the core contents of the evolution of artificial intelligence and its mechanism, but also the deepening understanding of the nature of artificial intelligence and the basis of corresponding ethical support. In conclusion，information need is an important area of artificial intelligence research.
The development of the new generation of artificial intelligence and the future prospect of the autonomous evolution of artificial general intelligence have highlighted the importance of information need research. The investigation on information need not only relates to the deepening understanding of human need and thus, human nature, but also involves the understanding of the nature of artificial general intelligence and its driving mechanism of autonomous evolution. The research of information and its evolution has provided conditions for the investigation on information need to expand from organism to information agent, so that it is possible to understand the information need more effectively and move towards the unified understanding of human intelligence, artificial intelligence and their common evolutionary mechanism. Information need is the desire of information agents to find and obtain information in order to meet their conscious or unconscious needs. It is not only the driven engine of intelligent evolution, but also the performance of human nature and the basic characteristics of artificial general intelligence. The reciprocity of information and the intercommunity of information needs to be satisfied and produced determine that the artificial general intelligence, which has developed to a certain level, may have the common nature with human being. This involves not only the core contents of the evolution of artificial intelligence and its mechanism, but also the deepening understanding of the nature of artificial intelligence and the basis of corresponding ethical support. In conclusion，information need is an important area of artificial intelligence research.
2020,22(1):1-7, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.001
Abstract:
A deep understanding of the dialectical unity between the CPC’s self revolution and social revolution is the premise and foundation for promoting the “two revolutions” collaboratively. From the perspective of theoretical logic, the dialectical unity between the “two transformations” constitutes the philosophical connotation of the dialectical unity of the “two revolutions”. From the perspective of practical progress, balanced promotion of the great social revolution and great self revolution constitutes the significant guarantee for the prolonged winning career of CPC. From the perspective of reality, in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, under the background of profound changes in the world situation, national conditions and the party’s situation, and under the situation of great challenges to the party’s construction, it is necessary to grasp the basic principles of experience to further collaboratively promote the “two revolutions”.
A deep understanding of the dialectical unity between the CPC’s self revolution and social revolution is the premise and foundation for promoting the “two revolutions” collaboratively. From the perspective of theoretical logic, the dialectical unity between the “two transformations” constitutes the philosophical connotation of the dialectical unity of the “two revolutions”. From the perspective of practical progress, balanced promotion of the great social revolution and great self revolution constitutes the significant guarantee for the prolonged winning career of CPC. From the perspective of reality, in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, under the background of profound changes in the world situation, national conditions and the party’s situation, and under the situation of great challenges to the party’s construction, it is necessary to grasp the basic principles of experience to further collaboratively promote the “two revolutions”.
2020,22(3):1-8, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the mid to late 19th century, Marx saw the false nature behind the primitive accumulation of Western industrial capital through the illusion of rapid development of the capitalist economy, and deeply criticized British colonialism. He exposed the British colonial atrocities in China and its harm, dialectically analyzed the double impact of British colonial acts on Indian rule. But in his later years, Marx corrected the early affirmative evaluation of the British colonialism, re analyzed the historical role of colonialism in India, and profoundly criticized the deep disaster caused by colonial rule in the eastern countries. Marx’s criticism of the colonialism and bridging of British colonialism has a vigilant meaning to our vigilance against various colonialism and imperialism. It also provides a theoretical weapon for today’s resistance to cultural colonialism and “peaceful evolution”, as well as a realistic revelation for the construction of the Shared Community of Human Destiny.
In the mid to late 19th century, Marx saw the false nature behind the primitive accumulation of Western industrial capital through the illusion of rapid development of the capitalist economy, and deeply criticized British colonialism. He exposed the British colonial atrocities in China and its harm, dialectically analyzed the double impact of British colonial acts on Indian rule. But in his later years, Marx corrected the early affirmative evaluation of the British colonialism, re analyzed the historical role of colonialism in India, and profoundly criticized the deep disaster caused by colonial rule in the eastern countries. Marx’s criticism of the colonialism and bridging of British colonialism has a vigilant meaning to our vigilance against various colonialism and imperialism. It also provides a theoretical weapon for today’s resistance to cultural colonialism and “peaceful evolution”, as well as a realistic revelation for the construction of the Shared Community of Human Destiny.
2020,22(1):28-36, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.005
Abstract:
With the climate warming, the frequency and intensity of disasters continue to increase. Effective disaster prevention and disaster emergency management requires a comprehensive understanding of the impact of disasters on the economy. The Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (DCGE) was introduced into the disaster comprehensive economic loss assessment. Taking the rainstorms and floods in China from 2008 to 2016 as an example, the DCGE model in the disaster situation was constructed to measure the impact of the entire economic system. The empirical results show that: from the perspective of the current period, the occurrence of rainstorms and floods affects social production to various degrees. The loss range of China’s total output caused by rainstorms and floods in 2008 2016 was [3525652, 40536761］billion yuan. In the long run, the cumulative effect of disasters cannot be ignored. The occurrence of rainstorms and floods will not only affect the social and economic development of that year, but also have a significant impact on the economic development in the later period. The results obtained are a useful supplement to the study of disaster economic losses, and can serve as empirical support for government and other departments to carry out post disaster emergency management.
With the climate warming, the frequency and intensity of disasters continue to increase. Effective disaster prevention and disaster emergency management requires a comprehensive understanding of the impact of disasters on the economy. The Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (DCGE) was introduced into the disaster comprehensive economic loss assessment. Taking the rainstorms and floods in China from 2008 to 2016 as an example, the DCGE model in the disaster situation was constructed to measure the impact of the entire economic system. The empirical results show that: from the perspective of the current period, the occurrence of rainstorms and floods affects social production to various degrees. The loss range of China’s total output caused by rainstorms and floods in 2008 2016 was [3525652, 40536761］billion yuan. In the long run, the cumulative effect of disasters cannot be ignored. The occurrence of rainstorms and floods will not only affect the social and economic development of that year, but also have a significant impact on the economic development in the later period. The results obtained are a useful supplement to the study of disaster economic losses, and can serve as empirical support for government and other departments to carry out post disaster emergency management.
2020,22(1):53-62, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.008
Abstract:
Environmental governance was used to be regarded as the exclusive field of natural science. With the exposure of multiple problems in environmental governance, the importance of environmental sociology has been highlighted. Literature studies based on the clues of “knot” and “solution” show that academic circles have carried out multi dimensional research on performance, reflection, theory, practice, and social mechanism of environmental governance. It is not an isolated social action, but embedded in a specific political, economic and social system. In recent years, the situation of national environmental governance has undergone structural changes, and its performance has changed significantly. Sociologists can conduct research on frontier issues within the framework of social response, social process and social impact on environmental governance. Deepening research on environmental governance will provide an important basis for the production of environmental sociology knowledge.
Environmental governance was used to be regarded as the exclusive field of natural science. With the exposure of multiple problems in environmental governance, the importance of environmental sociology has been highlighted. Literature studies based on the clues of “knot” and “solution” show that academic circles have carried out multi dimensional research on performance, reflection, theory, practice, and social mechanism of environmental governance. It is not an isolated social action, but embedded in a specific political, economic and social system. In recent years, the situation of national environmental governance has undergone structural changes, and its performance has changed significantly. Sociologists can conduct research on frontier issues within the framework of social response, social process and social impact on environmental governance. Deepening research on environmental governance will provide an important basis for the production of environmental sociology knowledge.
2015,17(2):33-39, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2015.02.007
Abstract:
Western Migrants ' Integration Theories mainlyfocus on the categorization and causal explanation on theintegration process of migrants. The Canonical Accountproposed by Robert E. Park and Milton M. Gordon usheresin a new age in this field. Other theories, such as Straight-line Assimilation Theory, Bumpy-Line Theory of Ethnicity,Segmented Assimilation Theory and Multiculturalism, arethe critical developments based on the canonical accounts.These theories undergo the following change: the change ofintegration result from inevitability to relativity, the changeof integration thread from direct one to indirect one, thechange of integration mode from completeness to selection,the change of integration direction from sole one to multipleone. More and more studies tend to emphasize the diversedirections, bumpy-line process and relative outcomes ofmigrants' integration process. Furthermore, the latest trendmainly concentrates on the difference on integration processamong migrants, which is expected to have impact on thetheory reintegration in the future.
Western Migrants ' Integration Theories mainlyfocus on the categorization and causal explanation on theintegration process of migrants. The Canonical Accountproposed by Robert E. Park and Milton M. Gordon usheresin a new age in this field. Other theories, such as Straight-line Assimilation Theory, Bumpy-Line Theory of Ethnicity,Segmented Assimilation Theory and Multiculturalism, arethe critical developments based on the canonical accounts.These theories undergo the following change: the change ofintegration result from inevitability to relativity, the changeof integration thread from direct one to indirect one, thechange of integration mode from completeness to selection,the change of integration direction from sole one to multipleone. More and more studies tend to emphasize the diversedirections, bumpy-line process and relative outcomes ofmigrants' integration process. Furthermore, the latest trendmainly concentrates on the difference on integration processamong migrants, which is expected to have impact on thetheory reintegration in the future.
2020,22(1):14-21, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.003
Abstract:
Sinicization of Marxism shows its own unique theoretical logic in the development process. Its characteristics are embodied in the combination of concretization, the development of the times and the integration of themes, which has important enlightenment for the innovation and development of Sinicization of Marxism in the new era. In the process of the development of Sinicization of Marxism, our party has successively explored the concrete combination of Marxism and specific practical forms such as Chinese revolution, construction, reform and development, so as to provide practical content and historical basis for the development of Sinicization of Marxism. Our party answers the questions of the times in turn, highlights the theme of the times, carries forward the spirit of the times, explores the dynamic motivation, realizes the development of Marxism in China and shows the theoretical characteristics of advancing with the times. Having innovatively completed the theme transformation of theory succession and development, our party has integrated Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of “Three Represents”, Scientific Outlook on Development, Xi Jinping’s new era socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continues to improve the party’s theoretical thinking level and move towards a state of theoretical maturity.
Sinicization of Marxism shows its own unique theoretical logic in the development process. Its characteristics are embodied in the combination of concretization, the development of the times and the integration of themes, which has important enlightenment for the innovation and development of Sinicization of Marxism in the new era. In the process of the development of Sinicization of Marxism, our party has successively explored the concrete combination of Marxism and specific practical forms such as Chinese revolution, construction, reform and development, so as to provide practical content and historical basis for the development of Sinicization of Marxism. Our party answers the questions of the times in turn, highlights the theme of the times, carries forward the spirit of the times, explores the dynamic motivation, realizes the development of Marxism in China and shows the theoretical characteristics of advancing with the times. Having innovatively completed the theme transformation of theory succession and development, our party has integrated Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of “Three Represents”, Scientific Outlook on Development, Xi Jinping’s new era socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continues to improve the party’s theoretical thinking level and move towards a state of theoretical maturity.
2020,22(1):37-43, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the natural characteristics of storm surge such as concentrated occurring time, significant regional differences, severe economic losses and serious secondary disasters, and on the analysis of the relief demands of the masses, government and economic organizations, this paper dissects the synergetic mechanism between losses and relief of storm surge from dimensions of time, space and logic. A four dimensional relief system is constructed, containing content system, structure system, hierarchical system and service system. This paper suggests operating the system efficiently by accelerating the building of legal system, improving financial investment mechanism and constructing the supervision system.
Based on the natural characteristics of storm surge such as concentrated occurring time, significant regional differences, severe economic losses and serious secondary disasters, and on the analysis of the relief demands of the masses, government and economic organizations, this paper dissects the synergetic mechanism between losses and relief of storm surge from dimensions of time, space and logic. A four dimensional relief system is constructed, containing content system, structure system, hierarchical system and service system. This paper suggests operating the system efficiently by accelerating the building of legal system, improving financial investment mechanism and constructing the supervision system.
2020,22(1):8-13, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Power restriction is the basic premise to prevent power abuse, and power supervision is the basic form of power restriction. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, standing at the height of history and times, the communist party of China has carried out new thoughts and explorations on why and how to strengthen power supervision. It is necessary to deepen ideological understanding and clarify the logic of strengthening power supervision in the new era from the aspects of the nature of power which lies in the people, the duality of power operation and the importance of power function; to make clear the supervision path, and establish a comprehensive, goal oriented, authoritative and efficient power supervision system；to adhere to multiple measures, build an ideological and moral defense line with party spirit education, a rigid normative system with laws and regulations, a power constraint system with democratic rights, and optimize the power operation mechanism with power allocation so as to explore a way of power supervision with Chinese characteristics.
Power restriction is the basic premise to prevent power abuse, and power supervision is the basic form of power restriction. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, standing at the height of history and times, the communist party of China has carried out new thoughts and explorations on why and how to strengthen power supervision. It is necessary to deepen ideological understanding and clarify the logic of strengthening power supervision in the new era from the aspects of the nature of power which lies in the people, the duality of power operation and the importance of power function; to make clear the supervision path, and establish a comprehensive, goal oriented, authoritative and efficient power supervision system；to adhere to multiple measures, build an ideological and moral defense line with party spirit education, a rigid normative system with laws and regulations, a power constraint system with democratic rights, and optimize the power operation mechanism with power allocation so as to explore a way of power supervision with Chinese characteristics.
2021,23(1):1-9, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2021.01.001
Abstract:
Fundamentally, Marxism is a new world outlook, which is the basis of all Marxism. Therefore, to learn Marxism well, the most basic thing is to read Marxism Leninist classics from the perspective of world outlook, so as to achieve the overall understanding of Marxism. To learn Marxist philosophy world outlook well is the main axis for us to study Marxist Leninist classics. Our party is good at learning classics, however, to learn Marxism Leninism classics well, some basic principles should be followed including grasping “spiritual essence” rather than “a few words”, studying systematically rather than fragmentarily, practically rather than emptily, insisting on learning for “finding out the problems for ourselves”, and enhancing the realm of reading by developing learning classics into a way of life. It is a methodological principle to correctly handle the relationship between text and history, between contradiction and category, between theme and discourse, and between words and sentences and spiritual essence.
Fundamentally, Marxism is a new world outlook, which is the basis of all Marxism. Therefore, to learn Marxism well, the most basic thing is to read Marxism Leninist classics from the perspective of world outlook, so as to achieve the overall understanding of Marxism. To learn Marxist philosophy world outlook well is the main axis for us to study Marxist Leninist classics. Our party is good at learning classics, however, to learn Marxism Leninism classics well, some basic principles should be followed including grasping “spiritual essence” rather than “a few words”, studying systematically rather than fragmentarily, practically rather than emptily, insisting on learning for “finding out the problems for ourselves”, and enhancing the realm of reading by developing learning classics into a way of life. It is a methodological principle to correctly handle the relationship between text and history, between contradiction and category, between theme and discourse, and between words and sentences and spiritual essence.
2020,22(2):1-8, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.02.001
Abstract:
The Communist Party of China is required to put forward the new idea of global governance in line with the development of productive forces and the expectations of the international community because of the change in the international pattern of the 21st century, the transfer of international power,the increasing interdependence of the international community and the severity of global issues.Based on Marxist view of the times, Xi Jinping’s thought on global governance inherits China’s traditional “Tianxia view” and the ideology of new China’s peaceful diplomacy. Adhering to the principle of wide consultation, joint construction and shared benefits to construct a community of common destiny, Xi Jinping proposes building an open, innovative, linkage and inclusive world economy, adhering to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, adhering to the global ecological civilization of common, green and rule of law, and establishing a network governance mechanism that respects sovereignty and cooperates with each other.Xi Jinping’s thought onglobal governance is a scientific system with rich connotation and strict logic,contributing to China’s wisdom and China’s program to solve the problem of global governance and promoting the development of global governance system towards a more just and reasonable direction.
The Communist Party of China is required to put forward the new idea of global governance in line with the development of productive forces and the expectations of the international community because of the change in the international pattern of the 21st century, the transfer of international power,the increasing interdependence of the international community and the severity of global issues.Based on Marxist view of the times, Xi Jinping’s thought on global governance inherits China’s traditional “Tianxia view” and the ideology of new China’s peaceful diplomacy. Adhering to the principle of wide consultation, joint construction and shared benefits to construct a community of common destiny, Xi Jinping proposes building an open, innovative, linkage and inclusive world economy, adhering to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, adhering to the global ecological civilization of common, green and rule of law, and establishing a network governance mechanism that respects sovereignty and cooperates with each other.Xi Jinping’s thought onglobal governance is a scientific system with rich connotation and strict logic,contributing to China’s wisdom and China’s program to solve the problem of global governance and promoting the development of global governance system towards a more just and reasonable direction.
2020,22(1):63-73, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.009
Abstract:
Since the 1980s, the research on environmental risk perception has become the focus and hot spot of international scholars. A large number of scholars at home and abroad summarize and analyze the literature of environmental risk perception from the perspective of different disciplines, but it is still difficult to reach a consensus in this research field. In this study, 415 papers related to environmental risk perception published in 1982 2019 were taken as samples, and the knowledge unit co occurrence matrix was constructed by SATI software. The matrix was introduced into Ucinet social network analysis software to generate environmental risk perception keyword co occurrence knowledge map, and SPSS software was used for factor analysis, cluster analysis and multi dimensional scale analysis of high frequency keyword dissimilarity matrix. There are nine academic school researches and four knowledge map dimensions of environmental risk perception. According to these, they are divided into two dimensions: “existentialism ” and “constructivism”. Under the multi disciplinary path, the research of environmental risk perception is permeated and intermingled with each other in “conceptual interpretation”, “objective unity” and “theoretical integration”. However, due to the differences and divisions between “existentialism” and “constructivism”, it is difficult to integrate the study of environmental risk perception. According to this, it will provide reference and reflection for the study of environmental risk perception in China.
Since the 1980s, the research on environmental risk perception has become the focus and hot spot of international scholars. A large number of scholars at home and abroad summarize and analyze the literature of environmental risk perception from the perspective of different disciplines, but it is still difficult to reach a consensus in this research field. In this study, 415 papers related to environmental risk perception published in 1982 2019 were taken as samples, and the knowledge unit co occurrence matrix was constructed by SATI software. The matrix was introduced into Ucinet social network analysis software to generate environmental risk perception keyword co occurrence knowledge map, and SPSS software was used for factor analysis, cluster analysis and multi dimensional scale analysis of high frequency keyword dissimilarity matrix. There are nine academic school researches and four knowledge map dimensions of environmental risk perception. According to these, they are divided into two dimensions: “existentialism ” and “constructivism”. Under the multi disciplinary path, the research of environmental risk perception is permeated and intermingled with each other in “conceptual interpretation”, “objective unity” and “theoretical integration”. However, due to the differences and divisions between “existentialism” and “constructivism”, it is difficult to integrate the study of environmental risk perception. According to this, it will provide reference and reflection for the study of environmental risk perception in China.
2015,17(2):77-82, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2015.02.015
Abstract:
Bonds yields fluctuations have an importantimpact on the efficiency of a country 's financial marketresources allocation, and even the stability of financialmarkets. Based on the data from 2002 to 2014 of the bondsmarket in China and in the United States, this paper carriesout the comparative study of bond yields in China and in theUnited States from the perspectives of treasury bond yieldscurve, yields fluctuations and influential factors. Theresults show that the exchange market and interbank marketyields on treasure bonds form, yields fluctuations of Chinaand the United States have their respective characteristics;Yields of China and the United States for the dollar indexchange of the reaction are not the same. With theappreciation of the dollars, China and the United Statestreasury bonds yields show a certain degree of convergence,while with the depreciation of the Dollars, China and theUnited States treasury bond yields shows a certain degree ofdeviation; China and the United States treasury bond yieldshave the same reaction to the price index changes, whichhas a positive relationship with the domestic price index.On the basis of the analysis, the paper makes the followingpolicy suggestions to perfect the development of China’streasury bond market: enriching treasury bond tradingvarieties, improving the trading mechanism and bring intoplay the fund function of treasury bond market.
Bonds yields fluctuations have an importantimpact on the efficiency of a country 's financial marketresources allocation, and even the stability of financialmarkets. Based on the data from 2002 to 2014 of the bondsmarket in China and in the United States, this paper carriesout the comparative study of bond yields in China and in theUnited States from the perspectives of treasury bond yieldscurve, yields fluctuations and influential factors. Theresults show that the exchange market and interbank marketyields on treasure bonds form, yields fluctuations of Chinaand the United States have their respective characteristics;Yields of China and the United States for the dollar indexchange of the reaction are not the same. With theappreciation of the dollars, China and the United Statestreasury bonds yields show a certain degree of convergence,while with the depreciation of the Dollars, China and theUnited States treasury bond yields shows a certain degree ofdeviation; China and the United States treasury bond yieldshave the same reaction to the price index changes, whichhas a positive relationship with the domestic price index.On the basis of the analysis, the paper makes the followingpolicy suggestions to perfect the development of China’streasury bond market: enriching treasury bond tradingvarieties, improving the trading mechanism and bring intoplay the fund function of treasury bond market.
2020,22(1):22-27, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.004
Abstract:
With the development of society and the advancement of the scientific ideological and political education, people need to use the “New Theoretical Framework” to re recognize and build the ideological and political education system. Therefore, the ideological and political education system is an organic whole composed of knowledge, discipline, work, environment and other subsystems. In the concrete operation, the structure of Ideological and political education system is presented as a circle structure composed of inner circle structure with interdependence coexistence as logic, middle circle structure with interdependence as logic and outer circle structure with compound relationship as logic. In order to promote the optimum development of the ideological and political education system, it is necessary to focus on the goal of ideological and political education, enhance the awareness of ideological and political education, strengthen the multi level interaction and coordination of the system, and build a mature ideological and political education system.
With the development of society and the advancement of the scientific ideological and political education, people need to use the “New Theoretical Framework” to re recognize and build the ideological and political education system. Therefore, the ideological and political education system is an organic whole composed of knowledge, discipline, work, environment and other subsystems. In the concrete operation, the structure of Ideological and political education system is presented as a circle structure composed of inner circle structure with interdependence coexistence as logic, middle circle structure with interdependence as logic and outer circle structure with compound relationship as logic. In order to promote the optimum development of the ideological and political education system, it is necessary to focus on the goal of ideological and political education, enhance the awareness of ideological and political education, strengthen the multi level interaction and coordination of the system, and build a mature ideological and political education system.
2020,22(1):44-52, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.007
Abstract:
This paper aims to investigate the configuration of sustainable water markets in China in so far as the findings could benefit the robustness of such markets in case of their nationwide development. Based on market environmentalism, an empirical framework including water right allocation, active demanders, competitive water price and storage capacity is built. The study of 11 representative cases of WRT in China by using crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) shows that the active demanders are the necessary condition for sustainable water markets, followed by three sufficient configurations. The findings allude to the plausibility that local water agencies should tailor the most adaptable plans for local water markets instead of following the unified blueprint. Moreover, mobilizing enough demanders, as well as improving water storage capacity should be listed on the top above the other incremental policy goals.
This paper aims to investigate the configuration of sustainable water markets in China in so far as the findings could benefit the robustness of such markets in case of their nationwide development. Based on market environmentalism, an empirical framework including water right allocation, active demanders, competitive water price and storage capacity is built. The study of 11 representative cases of WRT in China by using crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) shows that the active demanders are the necessary condition for sustainable water markets, followed by three sufficient configurations. The findings allude to the plausibility that local water agencies should tailor the most adaptable plans for local water markets instead of following the unified blueprint. Moreover, mobilizing enough demanders, as well as improving water storage capacity should be listed on the top above the other incremental policy goals.
2020,22(1):74-81, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.010
Abstract:
There are many imbalances between supply and demand in China’s urban home based care service, such as multiple subjects but single service, low service response and large communication gap, and repeated content and low degree of specialization. These problems not only reduce service quality and waste service resources, but also weaken the relationship between service providers and demanders, so they need urgent improvement. With the advancement of social service resources involved in social governance in theory and practice, the theory of service resources integration has increasingly become an important research field. The optimization of service supply methods, the adjustment of service resources allocation, and the improvement of service modes included in the theory can effectively promote the balance between supply and demand of urban home based care services. Based on this theory, from the theoretical perspective of service resources integration, relying on the policy framework of supply and demand balance, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for optimizing the supply and demand balance path of urban home based care services, such as optimizing the chain of balanced policies, promoting the balance of supply and demand, and promoting the output of balanced policies.
There are many imbalances between supply and demand in China’s urban home based care service, such as multiple subjects but single service, low service response and large communication gap, and repeated content and low degree of specialization. These problems not only reduce service quality and waste service resources, but also weaken the relationship between service providers and demanders, so they need urgent improvement. With the advancement of social service resources involved in social governance in theory and practice, the theory of service resources integration has increasingly become an important research field. The optimization of service supply methods, the adjustment of service resources allocation, and the improvement of service modes included in the theory can effectively promote the balance between supply and demand of urban home based care services. Based on this theory, from the theoretical perspective of service resources integration, relying on the policy framework of supply and demand balance, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for optimizing the supply and demand balance path of urban home based care services, such as optimizing the chain of balanced policies, promoting the balance of supply and demand, and promoting the output of balanced policies.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
中华人民共和国教育部
- Sponsored by
河海大学
- Editor-in-Chief
王慧敏
- Address：
江苏省南京市西康路1号
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786376
- E-mail：
sk1999@vip.163.com
- CN：
32-1521/C
- ISSN：
1671-4970
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Journal of Hohai University (Philosophy and Socail Sciences) ® 2026 All Rights ReservedAddress：江苏省南京市西康路1号Postcode：210098Tel：025-83786376
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