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2026,28(3):1-11
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.001
Abstract:
“Authority” constitutes the foundational logic underpinning the development of the system of reporting and requesting instructions. Over the past century, this system has traversed distinct historical stages: its inception and establishment during the New Democratic Revolution, its exploration and expansion during the socialist revolution and construction period, its restoration and growth during the reform and opening-up and the new period of socialist modernization, culminating in its systematic standardization since the advent of the new era. Throughout this evolution, it has consistently served the fundamental objective of consolidating the authority of the Party. The internal mechanism governing the effective operation of this system manifests in two dimensions. On one hand, it facilitates the cross-hierarchical transmission and differentiated processing of information, thereby achieving efficient vertical information exchange between superior and subordinate levels. On the other hand, through explicit regulatory lists, it leverages institutional guidance and constraints to standardize the conduct of both organizations and individuals. Consequently, the optimization of this system should focus on three strategic shifts: transitioning from mere “information transmission” to “effective information transmission”, which entails preventing information distortion and delays in execution by strengthening political consciousness and clarifying disciplinary measures; shifting from “generalized application” to “domain-specific refinement”, namely, based on a thorough understanding of the variances across different sectors, differentiated regulations should be formulated for entities at various levels and of different types to reduce ambiguity in implementation; and evolving from “procedural compliance” to “active empowerment”, namely, by delineating power-responsibility boundaries and optimizing evaluation mechanisms, the system can safeguard the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee while simultaneously stimulating the initiative and creativity of organizations at all levels, thereby averting the pitfall of “prioritizing procedure over efficacy”.
“Authority” constitutes the foundational logic underpinning the development of the system of reporting and requesting instructions. Over the past century, this system has traversed distinct historical stages: its inception and establishment during the New Democratic Revolution, its exploration and expansion during the socialist revolution and construction period, its restoration and growth during the reform and opening-up and the new period of socialist modernization, culminating in its systematic standardization since the advent of the new era. Throughout this evolution, it has consistently served the fundamental objective of consolidating the authority of the Party. The internal mechanism governing the effective operation of this system manifests in two dimensions. On one hand, it facilitates the cross-hierarchical transmission and differentiated processing of information, thereby achieving efficient vertical information exchange between superior and subordinate levels. On the other hand, through explicit regulatory lists, it leverages institutional guidance and constraints to standardize the conduct of both organizations and individuals. Consequently, the optimization of this system should focus on three strategic shifts: transitioning from mere “information transmission” to “effective information transmission”, which entails preventing information distortion and delays in execution by strengthening political consciousness and clarifying disciplinary measures; shifting from “generalized application” to “domain-specific refinement”, namely, based on a thorough understanding of the variances across different sectors, differentiated regulations should be formulated for entities at various levels and of different types to reduce ambiguity in implementation; and evolving from “procedural compliance” to “active empowerment”, namely, by delineating power-responsibility boundaries and optimizing evaluation mechanisms, the system can safeguard the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee while simultaneously stimulating the initiative and creativity of organizations at all levels, thereby averting the pitfall of “prioritizing procedure over efficacy”.
2026,28(3):12-21
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.002
Abstract:
The new characteristics of the digital technology system make the digital capital accumulation present new forms different from industrial capital accumulation: based on the “unbinding” of space-time empowered by digital technology, the digital capital accumulation has intruded into daily life from the production field; based on the “user-oriented” platform absorption strategy, digital capitalists have restructured the expanded reproduction process led by themselves; and based on intelligent algorithms for psychological disciplining, the “control–accumulation” strategy of digital capital is constantly being covert. However, the inherent logic of digital capital accumulation is still within the explanatory framework of Marx’s views of capital: the technological innovation of digital capital accumulation is an inevitable result of the increasing organic composition of capital; the essence of digital capital accumulation remains the expanded reproduction of the opposition of the duality of capital and labor; and the inevitable product of digital capital accumulation is the large-scale and diverse “digital reserve force”. With the development of digital capital accumulation, digital capitalists will inevitably gain the monopoly hegemony called “winner take all”, while digital workers who create “data wealth” are gradually declining. The historical trend of synchronous deepening of capital accumulation and poverty accumulation continues to emerge in the digital economy era. Therefore, efforts should be made to grasp the duality of digital capital. This entails facing up to the positive role of digital capital as a new quality production factor, fully releasing the vitality factor of digital capital in promoting productivity through market mechanisms. Additionally, it is imperative to deeply recognize the profit-driven nature of digital capital, and construct a full-chain digital capital governance system, to prevent the disorderly expansion of digital capital towards monopoly and the consolidation of power. This is an important guideline for regulating and guiding digital capital to promote common prosperity for all people and build the Chinese digital civilization.
The new characteristics of the digital technology system make the digital capital accumulation present new forms different from industrial capital accumulation: based on the “unbinding” of space-time empowered by digital technology, the digital capital accumulation has intruded into daily life from the production field; based on the “user-oriented” platform absorption strategy, digital capitalists have restructured the expanded reproduction process led by themselves; and based on intelligent algorithms for psychological disciplining, the “control–accumulation” strategy of digital capital is constantly being covert. However, the inherent logic of digital capital accumulation is still within the explanatory framework of Marx’s views of capital: the technological innovation of digital capital accumulation is an inevitable result of the increasing organic composition of capital; the essence of digital capital accumulation remains the expanded reproduction of the opposition of the duality of capital and labor; and the inevitable product of digital capital accumulation is the large-scale and diverse “digital reserve force”. With the development of digital capital accumulation, digital capitalists will inevitably gain the monopoly hegemony called “winner take all”, while digital workers who create “data wealth” are gradually declining. The historical trend of synchronous deepening of capital accumulation and poverty accumulation continues to emerge in the digital economy era. Therefore, efforts should be made to grasp the duality of digital capital. This entails facing up to the positive role of digital capital as a new quality production factor, fully releasing the vitality factor of digital capital in promoting productivity through market mechanisms. Additionally, it is imperative to deeply recognize the profit-driven nature of digital capital, and construct a full-chain digital capital governance system, to prevent the disorderly expansion of digital capital towards monopoly and the consolidation of power. This is an important guideline for regulating and guiding digital capital to promote common prosperity for all people and build the Chinese digital civilization.
2026,28(3):22-30
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.003
Abstract:
The worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are the fundamental guidelines for combining the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a crucial method throughout, possessing a profound scientific theoretical foundation. It represents the valuable experience of the Communist Party of China leading the people of all ethnic groups in a century of struggle, and is a practical necessity for summarizing experience, exploring the unknown, and discovering truth in the process of the Party’s theoretical innovation. Promoting the effective integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture should be guided by the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times (the “Four Questions”). The “Four Questions” are essentially practical, but their focuses differ. Facing the question of China, we must consider how to maintain and develop Chinese characteristics in building an independent Chinese knowledge system in the new era, and clearly promote the theoretical innovation of Marxism with a Chinese style. Facing the question of the world, we must consider how to find a way out amidst global changes and dedicate ourselves to the cause of the progress of human civilization. Facing the question of the people, we must consider how to extract theoretical innovations from the creative practices of the people and pay attention to the diverse new needs of the masses. Facing the question of the times, we must consider how to continuously develop Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and write a new chapter in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. In scientifically answering the “Four Questions”, we must clarify the “four major themes” of promoting the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, explore the practical orientation of this integration in a targeted manner, continuously promote the Party’s theoretical innovation, and guide the construction of Chinese modernization with the Party’s innovative theories.
The worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era are the fundamental guidelines for combining the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a crucial method throughout, possessing a profound scientific theoretical foundation. It represents the valuable experience of the Communist Party of China leading the people of all ethnic groups in a century of struggle, and is a practical necessity for summarizing experience, exploring the unknown, and discovering truth in the process of the Party’s theoretical innovation. Promoting the effective integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture should be guided by the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times (the “Four Questions”). The “Four Questions” are essentially practical, but their focuses differ. Facing the question of China, we must consider how to maintain and develop Chinese characteristics in building an independent Chinese knowledge system in the new era, and clearly promote the theoretical innovation of Marxism with a Chinese style. Facing the question of the world, we must consider how to find a way out amidst global changes and dedicate ourselves to the cause of the progress of human civilization. Facing the question of the people, we must consider how to extract theoretical innovations from the creative practices of the people and pay attention to the diverse new needs of the masses. Facing the question of the times, we must consider how to continuously develop Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and write a new chapter in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. In scientifically answering the “Four Questions”, we must clarify the “four major themes” of promoting the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, explore the practical orientation of this integration in a targeted manner, continuously promote the Party’s theoretical innovation, and guide the construction of Chinese modernization with the Party’s innovative theories.
2026,28(3):31-41
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.004
Abstract:
The 15th Five-Year Plan Period is a crucial stage for rural governance modernization in China, moving from overcoming difficulties to achieving overall advancement. Its essence lies in the systematic improvement of the governance subjects, methods, and concepts. During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, China has initially established the rural governance modernization pattern centered around the CPC’s leadership, the integration of “three forms of governance” (self-governance, law-based governance, and virtue-based governance) as its main content, and intelligent governance as the support, which has laid a solid foundation for the modernization of rural governance in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period. However, to achieve the goals of rural governance modernization in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period, it is essential to focus on the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan, adhere to the CPC’s leadership in the systematic improvement of rural governance modernization, and regard the “integration of the three forms of governance” as the supporting system, and technology-based intelligent governance as a crucial enabler. Specifically, the CPC’s leadership should shift from “organizational coverage” to “systematic guidance”, achieving “all-domain Party building” guidance across industry, talent, culture, ecology, and organization, deeply embedding the Party organization in all scenarios and chains of rural governance. In the “integration of the three forms of governance”, self-governance should rise from “expanding platforms” to “regularization and efficiency”, and law-based governance should upgrade from “system supply” to “service improvement”, while virtue-based governance should change from “breaking the old and establishing the new” to “civilization leading”. The three forms of governance should mutually align and complement each other to jointly build the foundation of rural governance. Intelligent governance should shift from “digital infrastructure” to “scene empowerment”, converting data into insights and technology into efficiency. The CPC’s leadership, the integration of the three forms of governance, and intelligent governance empowerment will jointly construct the overall blueprint of rural governance modernization in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period, and provide theoretical guidance and practical references for promoting rural governance modernization in China in the new era.
The 15th Five-Year Plan Period is a crucial stage for rural governance modernization in China, moving from overcoming difficulties to achieving overall advancement. Its essence lies in the systematic improvement of the governance subjects, methods, and concepts. During the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, China has initially established the rural governance modernization pattern centered around the CPC’s leadership, the integration of “three forms of governance” (self-governance, law-based governance, and virtue-based governance) as its main content, and intelligent governance as the support, which has laid a solid foundation for the modernization of rural governance in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period. However, to achieve the goals of rural governance modernization in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period, it is essential to focus on the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan, adhere to the CPC’s leadership in the systematic improvement of rural governance modernization, and regard the “integration of the three forms of governance” as the supporting system, and technology-based intelligent governance as a crucial enabler. Specifically, the CPC’s leadership should shift from “organizational coverage” to “systematic guidance”, achieving “all-domain Party building” guidance across industry, talent, culture, ecology, and organization, deeply embedding the Party organization in all scenarios and chains of rural governance. In the “integration of the three forms of governance”, self-governance should rise from “expanding platforms” to “regularization and efficiency”, and law-based governance should upgrade from “system supply” to “service improvement”, while virtue-based governance should change from “breaking the old and establishing the new” to “civilization leading”. The three forms of governance should mutually align and complement each other to jointly build the foundation of rural governance. Intelligent governance should shift from “digital infrastructure” to “scene empowerment”, converting data into insights and technology into efficiency. The CPC’s leadership, the integration of the three forms of governance, and intelligent governance empowerment will jointly construct the overall blueprint of rural governance modernization in the 15th Five-Year Plan Period, and provide theoretical guidance and practical references for promoting rural governance modernization in China in the new era.
2026,28(3):42-54
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.005
Abstract:
The familialization of social policy from the perspective of the Chinese modernization is a core expression of civilizational self-awareness: it reflects on the inherent limitations of the Western welfare paradigm structured around the binary of the “individual” and “society”, reconstructs an indigenous social policy paradigm, and advances the independent construction of the Chinese social policy system. Theoretically, Western civilization takes public-sphere centrism as its civilizational presupposition, placing the family at the margins of theoretical and policy vision. As a result, family functions have been systematically obscured, ultimately giving rise to a modernity predicament in which high levels of welfare provision are intertwined with social atomization and heightened individual loneliness. By contrast, Chinese civilization is rooted in a profound tradition of “philosophy of family”, which regards the family as the basic mode of human existence and the meta-model for understanding social relations. This provides a distinctive ontological foundation for the construction of the social policy system, and a clear civilizational foundation for innovation in an independent knowledge construction. In practical terms, current social policy practice faces multiple structural imbalances: the dual compression of family development space by individualized calculation and overreaching socialization, the targeting bias caused by individual-centered needs identification, and the mismatch in service provision resulting from fractured life-course support, which together produce an individualization paradox: the more individuals are protected, the more families become estranged. To overcome this predicament, it is necessary to systematically advance the familialization in social policy and accelerate the construction of a new analytical framework and practical paradigm characterized by three-dimensional coordination among individuals, families, and society/state. Through conceptual reorientation, social policy should establish the core principle of “safeguarding and empowering the family”; through institutional innovation, it should improve the two-step needs assessment mechanism and the life-course policy support system; and through collaborative governance, it should strengthen a three-in-one safeguard mechanism integrating evaluation, coordination, and culture, thereby consolidating the micro-foundations of social functioning.
The familialization of social policy from the perspective of the Chinese modernization is a core expression of civilizational self-awareness: it reflects on the inherent limitations of the Western welfare paradigm structured around the binary of the “individual” and “society”, reconstructs an indigenous social policy paradigm, and advances the independent construction of the Chinese social policy system. Theoretically, Western civilization takes public-sphere centrism as its civilizational presupposition, placing the family at the margins of theoretical and policy vision. As a result, family functions have been systematically obscured, ultimately giving rise to a modernity predicament in which high levels of welfare provision are intertwined with social atomization and heightened individual loneliness. By contrast, Chinese civilization is rooted in a profound tradition of “philosophy of family”, which regards the family as the basic mode of human existence and the meta-model for understanding social relations. This provides a distinctive ontological foundation for the construction of the social policy system, and a clear civilizational foundation for innovation in an independent knowledge construction. In practical terms, current social policy practice faces multiple structural imbalances: the dual compression of family development space by individualized calculation and overreaching socialization, the targeting bias caused by individual-centered needs identification, and the mismatch in service provision resulting from fractured life-course support, which together produce an individualization paradox: the more individuals are protected, the more families become estranged. To overcome this predicament, it is necessary to systematically advance the familialization in social policy and accelerate the construction of a new analytical framework and practical paradigm characterized by three-dimensional coordination among individuals, families, and society/state. Through conceptual reorientation, social policy should establish the core principle of “safeguarding and empowering the family”; through institutional innovation, it should improve the two-step needs assessment mechanism and the life-course policy support system; and through collaborative governance, it should strengthen a three-in-one safeguard mechanism integrating evaluation, coordination, and culture, thereby consolidating the micro-foundations of social functioning.
2026,28(3):55-69
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.006
Abstract:
In the context of China’s rapidly aging population, effectively expanding the coverage of the pension insurance system is essential to accelerating the development of a multi-tiered and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, improving social welfare, and fostering high-quality economic growth. The pension default mechanism, which replaces an “opt-in” with an “opt-out” arrangement, provides a novel approach to increasing pension coverage through interconnected design elements, such as automatic enrollment, auto-escalation, and qualified default investment options. Drawing on the “nudging” theory from behavioral economics, this study systematically reviews the theoretical foundations and strategic design of the pension default mechanisms. It focuses on the US and the UK—the first two countries to introduce such mechanisms—to analyze their specific implementation practices. This study finds that both countries have effectively overcome individuals’ limited rationality and inertia by adopting opt-out defaults and streamlining processes. Furthermore, two countries have successfully expanded their pension coverage through a combination of measures, including implementing automatic enrollment, setting minimum contribution rates, introducing automatic escalation of contribution rates, and offering default investment options. However, the application of pension default mechanisms has certain limitations. First, automatic enrollment relies on a clear employer–employee relationship and the existence of an employer-sponsored supplementary pension plan. Therefore, it struggles to effectively cover self-employed workers, those in new forms of employment, or employees of organizations without occupational pension plans. Second, the automatic enrollment mechanism may undermine the adequacy of future pension benefits due to passive inertia. Third, default investment mechanisms should ensure alignment with participants’ risk preferences and retirement goals. Accordingly, in light of China’s multi-pillar pension system, this study proposes a series of policy implications, including gradually and hierarchically implementing automatic enrollment alongside adjustments in contribution rates, moderately liberalizing individual investment choice, establishing qualified default investment alternatives, and promoting coordination between the second and third pillars through an integrated pension management platform, aiming to provide practical guidance for achieving high-quality development of the pension system.
In the context of China’s rapidly aging population, effectively expanding the coverage of the pension insurance system is essential to accelerating the development of a multi-tiered and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, improving social welfare, and fostering high-quality economic growth. The pension default mechanism, which replaces an “opt-in” with an “opt-out” arrangement, provides a novel approach to increasing pension coverage through interconnected design elements, such as automatic enrollment, auto-escalation, and qualified default investment options. Drawing on the “nudging” theory from behavioral economics, this study systematically reviews the theoretical foundations and strategic design of the pension default mechanisms. It focuses on the US and the UK—the first two countries to introduce such mechanisms—to analyze their specific implementation practices. This study finds that both countries have effectively overcome individuals’ limited rationality and inertia by adopting opt-out defaults and streamlining processes. Furthermore, two countries have successfully expanded their pension coverage through a combination of measures, including implementing automatic enrollment, setting minimum contribution rates, introducing automatic escalation of contribution rates, and offering default investment options. However, the application of pension default mechanisms has certain limitations. First, automatic enrollment relies on a clear employer–employee relationship and the existence of an employer-sponsored supplementary pension plan. Therefore, it struggles to effectively cover self-employed workers, those in new forms of employment, or employees of organizations without occupational pension plans. Second, the automatic enrollment mechanism may undermine the adequacy of future pension benefits due to passive inertia. Third, default investment mechanisms should ensure alignment with participants’ risk preferences and retirement goals. Accordingly, in light of China’s multi-pillar pension system, this study proposes a series of policy implications, including gradually and hierarchically implementing automatic enrollment alongside adjustments in contribution rates, moderately liberalizing individual investment choice, establishing qualified default investment alternatives, and promoting coordination between the second and third pillars through an integrated pension management platform, aiming to provide practical guidance for achieving high-quality development of the pension system.
2026,28(3):70-79
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.007
Abstract:
Building a fertility support system centered on “developmental empowerment” is crucial for advancing high-quality population development during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period. The current fertility support model, dominated by an emphasis on material compensation over developmental empowerment, fails to effectively alleviate the deep-seated pressures faced by individuals of childbearing age arising from career interruptions, value devaluation, and the rigidification of the gendered division of labor. The deep-rooted crux of this model lies in the “quality-responsibility” paradox, formed between society’s high expectations for parenting quality and the excessive privatization and gendering of child-rearing responsibility. This paradox renders the “developmental cost” of childbearing, manifested in career interruptions and lost opportunities, unprecedentedly high, severely suppressing fertility intentions, especially among women. Drawing on the requirements of the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan and targeting the structural fracture between macro-level policy logic and micro-level family development needs, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of “concept-pathway-institution” to systematically demonstrate the paradigm shift of the fertility support system from “cost compensation” to“developmental empowerment”. This study argues that the fertility support system should take safeguarding the right to all-around human development as its value orientation, and that enhancing fertility levels should be a derivative effect of the system’s effective operation rather than its direct goal. Accordingly, at the conceptual level, it is necessary to re-evaluate values from private burden to public investment, establishing the social investment attribute of parenting and the developmental rights of caregivers. At the pathway level, a support network of “cultural recognition-service resources-opportunity guarantees” should be constructed, particularly to establish occupational opportunity guarantees that eliminate the “motherhood penalty”. At the institutional level, a four-pillar system driven by “rule of law, coordination, incentives, and evaluation” is required to clarify the boundaries of rights and strengthen incentive compatibility, ensuring the continuous optimization of the system.
Building a fertility support system centered on “developmental empowerment” is crucial for advancing high-quality population development during the 15th Five-Year Plan Period. The current fertility support model, dominated by an emphasis on material compensation over developmental empowerment, fails to effectively alleviate the deep-seated pressures faced by individuals of childbearing age arising from career interruptions, value devaluation, and the rigidification of the gendered division of labor. The deep-rooted crux of this model lies in the “quality-responsibility” paradox, formed between society’s high expectations for parenting quality and the excessive privatization and gendering of child-rearing responsibility. This paradox renders the “developmental cost” of childbearing, manifested in career interruptions and lost opportunities, unprecedentedly high, severely suppressing fertility intentions, especially among women. Drawing on the requirements of the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan and targeting the structural fracture between macro-level policy logic and micro-level family development needs, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of “concept-pathway-institution” to systematically demonstrate the paradigm shift of the fertility support system from “cost compensation” to“developmental empowerment”. This study argues that the fertility support system should take safeguarding the right to all-around human development as its value orientation, and that enhancing fertility levels should be a derivative effect of the system’s effective operation rather than its direct goal. Accordingly, at the conceptual level, it is necessary to re-evaluate values from private burden to public investment, establishing the social investment attribute of parenting and the developmental rights of caregivers. At the pathway level, a support network of “cultural recognition-service resources-opportunity guarantees” should be constructed, particularly to establish occupational opportunity guarantees that eliminate the “motherhood penalty”. At the institutional level, a four-pillar system driven by “rule of law, coordination, incentives, and evaluation” is required to clarify the boundaries of rights and strengthen incentive compatibility, ensuring the continuous optimization of the system.
2026,28(3):80-92
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.008
Abstract:
Digital nudging embeds the concept of “nudging” from behavioral economics into digital governance contexts. By leveraging algorithmic recommendations, interactive interfaces, and real-time data feedback, it subtly guides public behavior without depriving individuals of their freedom of choice, and has gradually become an important new form of behavioral governance in the era of digital governance. However, existing studies have mainly examined digital nudging from the perspectives of behavioral economics or information systems, while lacking a systematic explanation of its embedded logic, theoretical foundations, and operational mechanisms within public administration. Against this background, this study reviews the evolutionary trajectory from traditional nudging to digital nudging and constructs a theoretical framework for digital nudging from three perspectives: behavioral science, public governance, and digital governance. This paper proposes a three-stage framework of “analysis-design-evaluation” for digital nudging in public administration. Furthermore, from the dual perspectives of “tool types-behavioral mechanisms”, this study systematically classifies digital nudging into five typical categories: scarcity-based nudges, default nudges, social nudges, reinforcement nudges, and feedback nudges. Additionally, it reveals the mechanisms through which these nudges influence public behavior, including choice architecture optimization, social norm information, personalized recommendations, reminders and notifications, interface design, and feedback reinforcement. While digital nudging can enhance governance precision and policy implementation efficiency, it may generate legal and ethical risks, such as weakened autonomy, cognitive manipulation, privacy leakage, algorithmic bias, and procedural unfairness. Finally, this study outlines future research agendas concerning the technological evolution, disciplinary embedding, institutional regulation, and legal-ethical boundaries of digital nudging.
Digital nudging embeds the concept of “nudging” from behavioral economics into digital governance contexts. By leveraging algorithmic recommendations, interactive interfaces, and real-time data feedback, it subtly guides public behavior without depriving individuals of their freedom of choice, and has gradually become an important new form of behavioral governance in the era of digital governance. However, existing studies have mainly examined digital nudging from the perspectives of behavioral economics or information systems, while lacking a systematic explanation of its embedded logic, theoretical foundations, and operational mechanisms within public administration. Against this background, this study reviews the evolutionary trajectory from traditional nudging to digital nudging and constructs a theoretical framework for digital nudging from three perspectives: behavioral science, public governance, and digital governance. This paper proposes a three-stage framework of “analysis-design-evaluation” for digital nudging in public administration. Furthermore, from the dual perspectives of “tool types-behavioral mechanisms”, this study systematically classifies digital nudging into five typical categories: scarcity-based nudges, default nudges, social nudges, reinforcement nudges, and feedback nudges. Additionally, it reveals the mechanisms through which these nudges influence public behavior, including choice architecture optimization, social norm information, personalized recommendations, reminders and notifications, interface design, and feedback reinforcement. While digital nudging can enhance governance precision and policy implementation efficiency, it may generate legal and ethical risks, such as weakened autonomy, cognitive manipulation, privacy leakage, algorithmic bias, and procedural unfairness. Finally, this study outlines future research agendas concerning the technological evolution, disciplinary embedding, institutional regulation, and legal-ethical boundaries of digital nudging.
2026,28(3):93-102
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.009
Abstract:
As the silver economy becomes more closely connected with AI applications, intelligent voice assistants and other smart wearable and home devices are gradually becoming part of older adults’ daily lives. While these new technologies enhance the convenience of daily life and expand opportunities for social participation among older adults, they may introduce new usage barriers and experiences of exclusion, thereby placing the elderly in more complex and hidden digital exclusion risks. Understanding these risks and finding effective ways to address them has become an important issue in responding to population ageing and promoting digital inclusion. This study examines the interactions between older adults and intelligent voice assistants. It develops a multidimensional analytical framework based on embodied experience, family interaction, and social construction to explore how digital exclusion risks among older adults emerge and evolve. The findings show that the digital exclusion risks among older adults are not fixed or isolated. Rather, they are produced through ongoing interactions shaped by several factors, including the physical and psychological limitations of older adults, technological barriers and social discourses, and patterns of technological mediation and power transfer within families. These risks exhibit a distinct evolutionary trajectory from micro-level individual experience to macro-level structural exclusion. To address this challenge, at the individual level, it is necessary to strengthen older adults’ digital identity and enhance their ability to engage with digital technologies; at the family level, it is essential to improve family support and foster intergenerational collaboration; and at the structural level, it is essential to promote age-friendly transformation in institutions and platforms and reduce structural barriers.
As the silver economy becomes more closely connected with AI applications, intelligent voice assistants and other smart wearable and home devices are gradually becoming part of older adults’ daily lives. While these new technologies enhance the convenience of daily life and expand opportunities for social participation among older adults, they may introduce new usage barriers and experiences of exclusion, thereby placing the elderly in more complex and hidden digital exclusion risks. Understanding these risks and finding effective ways to address them has become an important issue in responding to population ageing and promoting digital inclusion. This study examines the interactions between older adults and intelligent voice assistants. It develops a multidimensional analytical framework based on embodied experience, family interaction, and social construction to explore how digital exclusion risks among older adults emerge and evolve. The findings show that the digital exclusion risks among older adults are not fixed or isolated. Rather, they are produced through ongoing interactions shaped by several factors, including the physical and psychological limitations of older adults, technological barriers and social discourses, and patterns of technological mediation and power transfer within families. These risks exhibit a distinct evolutionary trajectory from micro-level individual experience to macro-level structural exclusion. To address this challenge, at the individual level, it is necessary to strengthen older adults’ digital identity and enhance their ability to engage with digital technologies; at the family level, it is essential to improve family support and foster intergenerational collaboration; and at the structural level, it is essential to promote age-friendly transformation in institutions and platforms and reduce structural barriers.
2026,28(3):103-115
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.010
Abstract:
Against the background of intensifying global environmental risks and the elevation of ecological civilization construction to a national strategy, the Chinese government has continuously increased its investment in environmental governance, improved relevant laws and regulations, and strengthened environmental supervision and accountability mechanisms, leading to significant improvements in objective environmental quality. To examine the changes in public subjective evaluations of governmental environmental governance under the improvement of objective environmental quality, as well as the differences between evaluations of the central and local governments and their evolving trends, this study uses four waves of data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2003, 2010, 2013, and 2021 and applies an age-period-cohort model to investigate the changes in evaluations of governmental environmental governance and central-local differences. Results indicate that the evaluation of the central government’s environmental governance is substantially higher than that of local governments, with a strong positive correlation between the two. Age effect test reveals a “U”-shaped trend for the evaluation of local governments’ environmental governance. In contrast, the period effect test shows that the evaluation of the central government’s environmental governance peaked in 2021 compared to other periods, and that of local government followed a pattern of initial decline followed by recovery. Cohort effects are insignificant for both levels. It is inferred that the evolution of public evaluation of government environmental governance and central-local disparities may stem from the interplay of multiple factors, including differentiated action logics between central and local governments, individual social pressures, early environmental education, and objective environmental quality. This provides insights into the mechanisms underlying public evaluation dynamics in China’s environmental governance context and offers policy implications for improving China’s environmental governance system, optimizing the division of responsibilities between central and local governments, bolstering youth environmental education, and enhancing public satisfaction through sustained enhancements in environmental quality.
Against the background of intensifying global environmental risks and the elevation of ecological civilization construction to a national strategy, the Chinese government has continuously increased its investment in environmental governance, improved relevant laws and regulations, and strengthened environmental supervision and accountability mechanisms, leading to significant improvements in objective environmental quality. To examine the changes in public subjective evaluations of governmental environmental governance under the improvement of objective environmental quality, as well as the differences between evaluations of the central and local governments and their evolving trends, this study uses four waves of data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2003, 2010, 2013, and 2021 and applies an age-period-cohort model to investigate the changes in evaluations of governmental environmental governance and central-local differences. Results indicate that the evaluation of the central government’s environmental governance is substantially higher than that of local governments, with a strong positive correlation between the two. Age effect test reveals a “U”-shaped trend for the evaluation of local governments’ environmental governance. In contrast, the period effect test shows that the evaluation of the central government’s environmental governance peaked in 2021 compared to other periods, and that of local government followed a pattern of initial decline followed by recovery. Cohort effects are insignificant for both levels. It is inferred that the evolution of public evaluation of government environmental governance and central-local disparities may stem from the interplay of multiple factors, including differentiated action logics between central and local governments, individual social pressures, early environmental education, and objective environmental quality. This provides insights into the mechanisms underlying public evaluation dynamics in China’s environmental governance context and offers policy implications for improving China’s environmental governance system, optimizing the division of responsibilities between central and local governments, bolstering youth environmental education, and enhancing public satisfaction through sustained enhancements in environmental quality.
2026,28(3):116-126
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.011
Abstract:
Carbon inclusion data is a key driver for the implementation of carbon inclusion practices under the “dual carbon” goals. It is generated by carbon inclusion platforms through collecting and processing massive and multi-source information on individuals’ low-carbon behaviors. It not only constitutes a production factor held by platforms, but also represents the carbon reduction benefits obtained by individuals. Currently, during the generation and utilization of carbon inclusion data, there exist multiple risks, including data privacy intrusions, data misuse, and impeded circulation of carbon reduction benefits. These issues have given rise to uncertainties such as undefined boundaries for the collection of personal low-carbon behavior information, unclear attribution of rights and interests in carbon inclusion data, and divergent understandings of the nature of user-side carbon reduction benefits. These challenges severely constrain the effective operation and standardized development of carbon inclusion programs. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish a systematic analytical framework for data-related risks. With respect to the generation process of carbon inclusion data, the personal low-carbon behavior information collected by platforms constitutes personal information and may involve certain private information. Differentiated information collection rules are therefore required: platforms collecting general personal information must obtain users’ general authorization, whereas for areas involving private information, no intrusion shall be permitted unless special authorization in the form of “explicit consent of the right holder” is obtained. Regarding the attribution of rights and interests in carbon inclusion data, it is inappropriate to simply adopt the behavioral regulation approach or the traditional property rights regulatory path. Instead, it should be recognized that carbon inclusion data features a dual structure of rights and interests: individuals who provide the underlying data enjoy the prior rights of data source persons, while platforms that process the data hold the property rights of data processors. When exercising their data property rights, platforms must not only respect users’ prior rights but also comply with the public-interest purpose of carbon inclusion. As for the economic value of individual carbon reduction benefits in contexts such as redeeming goods or services, participating in transactions, and substituting for ecological and environmental damage restoration responsibilities, these benefits should not be viewed merely as public welfare incentives. Rather, carbon reduction benefits should be regarded as an institutional commodity, possessing both use value guaranteed by the institutional framework and exchange value formed in the market.
Carbon inclusion data is a key driver for the implementation of carbon inclusion practices under the “dual carbon” goals. It is generated by carbon inclusion platforms through collecting and processing massive and multi-source information on individuals’ low-carbon behaviors. It not only constitutes a production factor held by platforms, but also represents the carbon reduction benefits obtained by individuals. Currently, during the generation and utilization of carbon inclusion data, there exist multiple risks, including data privacy intrusions, data misuse, and impeded circulation of carbon reduction benefits. These issues have given rise to uncertainties such as undefined boundaries for the collection of personal low-carbon behavior information, unclear attribution of rights and interests in carbon inclusion data, and divergent understandings of the nature of user-side carbon reduction benefits. These challenges severely constrain the effective operation and standardized development of carbon inclusion programs. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish a systematic analytical framework for data-related risks. With respect to the generation process of carbon inclusion data, the personal low-carbon behavior information collected by platforms constitutes personal information and may involve certain private information. Differentiated information collection rules are therefore required: platforms collecting general personal information must obtain users’ general authorization, whereas for areas involving private information, no intrusion shall be permitted unless special authorization in the form of “explicit consent of the right holder” is obtained. Regarding the attribution of rights and interests in carbon inclusion data, it is inappropriate to simply adopt the behavioral regulation approach or the traditional property rights regulatory path. Instead, it should be recognized that carbon inclusion data features a dual structure of rights and interests: individuals who provide the underlying data enjoy the prior rights of data source persons, while platforms that process the data hold the property rights of data processors. When exercising their data property rights, platforms must not only respect users’ prior rights but also comply with the public-interest purpose of carbon inclusion. As for the economic value of individual carbon reduction benefits in contexts such as redeeming goods or services, participating in transactions, and substituting for ecological and environmental damage restoration responsibilities, these benefits should not be viewed merely as public welfare incentives. Rather, carbon reduction benefits should be regarded as an institutional commodity, possessing both use value guaranteed by the institutional framework and exchange value formed in the market.
2026,28(3):127-142
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.012
Abstract:
Token, as the smallest semantic unit for information processing in generative artificial intelligence, is evolving from a technical concept into a core value carrier of the intelligent economy. Based on the techno-economic paradigm theory, this paper defines the conceptual connotation and techno-economic characteristics of the Token economy, and systematically reviews its development trajectory from germination, explosion, to diffusion. This paper finds that the orderly operation of the Token economy follows four fundamental laws: The super-growth law driven by decreasing marginal cost and price elasticity of demand. It forms a positive feedback loop of “cost reduction-price decline-demand surge-exponential growth in invocation volume-further cost amortization”, driving a super-exponential expansion of Token invocation. The super-linear returns law resulting from the overlapping effects of economies of scale and scope. Significant economies of scale arise from improved batch processing efficiency, optimized cluster scheduling, and fixed cost amortization, while economies of scope emerge from multimodal tasks sharing underlying computing resources and operation and maintenance systems. The deep coupling of the two makes the growth rate of returns far exceed that of factor inputs. The differentiation law of “Token efficiency” driven by long-tail applications. The user value created by a unit Token varies significantly across different scenarios, thereby promoting price stratification, the rise of prompt engineering, and a transformation of enterprise budget management models. The circular reinforcement law of the data-token-value cycle, forming a flywheel effect of “more invocations-more interaction data-better models-higher Token efficiency-further stimulation of invocations”. The four fundamental laws are interwoven, mutually reinforcing, and deeply coupled, jointly forming a complete dynamic system for the development of the Token economy. Currently, China has achieved a globally leading scale of Token invocation, but faces prominent problems such as low pricing, security, and compliance issues, particularly three major structural constraints: fragmented data backflow, infrastructure mismatch, and lack of brand recognition. To achieve healthy and sustainable development of the Token economy, it is necessary to take data elements as a core lever, build a robust data infrastructure support system, establish Token efficiency evaluation and data incentive mechanisms, foster a global ecosystem for computing power scheduling and cost optimization, establish a whole-chain governance system for the Token economy, build data mutual trust and overseas expansion guarantee mechanisms, and shape new international competitive advantages for Chinese Tokens, thereby promoting the Token economy’s transition from super-growth to high-quality development.
Token, as the smallest semantic unit for information processing in generative artificial intelligence, is evolving from a technical concept into a core value carrier of the intelligent economy. Based on the techno-economic paradigm theory, this paper defines the conceptual connotation and techno-economic characteristics of the Token economy, and systematically reviews its development trajectory from germination, explosion, to diffusion. This paper finds that the orderly operation of the Token economy follows four fundamental laws: The super-growth law driven by decreasing marginal cost and price elasticity of demand. It forms a positive feedback loop of “cost reduction-price decline-demand surge-exponential growth in invocation volume-further cost amortization”, driving a super-exponential expansion of Token invocation. The super-linear returns law resulting from the overlapping effects of economies of scale and scope. Significant economies of scale arise from improved batch processing efficiency, optimized cluster scheduling, and fixed cost amortization, while economies of scope emerge from multimodal tasks sharing underlying computing resources and operation and maintenance systems. The deep coupling of the two makes the growth rate of returns far exceed that of factor inputs. The differentiation law of “Token efficiency” driven by long-tail applications. The user value created by a unit Token varies significantly across different scenarios, thereby promoting price stratification, the rise of prompt engineering, and a transformation of enterprise budget management models. The circular reinforcement law of the data-token-value cycle, forming a flywheel effect of “more invocations-more interaction data-better models-higher Token efficiency-further stimulation of invocations”. The four fundamental laws are interwoven, mutually reinforcing, and deeply coupled, jointly forming a complete dynamic system for the development of the Token economy. Currently, China has achieved a globally leading scale of Token invocation, but faces prominent problems such as low pricing, security, and compliance issues, particularly three major structural constraints: fragmented data backflow, infrastructure mismatch, and lack of brand recognition. To achieve healthy and sustainable development of the Token economy, it is necessary to take data elements as a core lever, build a robust data infrastructure support system, establish Token efficiency evaluation and data incentive mechanisms, foster a global ecosystem for computing power scheduling and cost optimization, establish a whole-chain governance system for the Token economy, build data mutual trust and overseas expansion guarantee mechanisms, and shape new international competitive advantages for Chinese Tokens, thereby promoting the Token economy’s transition from super-growth to high-quality development.
2026,28(3):143-153
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.013
Abstract:
The market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection, and a sound governance system can effectively improve the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the problems in the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements, but lack a summary of governance experience. Ninety-four reports from media such as the People’s Daily and the Guangming Daily are selected as research samples, and the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is extracted using the grounded theory method. The results indicate that the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements consists of five parts: strategic goal guidance, institutional system construction, market operation management, technology and talent empowerment, and governance effectiveness evaluation, forming a dynamic governance loop. Among them, strategic goals lead the direction of market-oriented allocation and governance of resource and environmental elements, providing top-level guidance for the entire system. The institutional system construction focuses on the design of basic rules such as property rights, quotas, and supervision, laying the foundation for the markets of resource and environmental elements. Market operation management involves multiple aspects such as transaction design, financial innovation, and collaborative networks, promoting efficient flow of price discovery and resource and environmental elements. Technology and talent empowerment relies on infrastructure, technical standards, and professional talent cultivation to provide market support for resource and environmental elements, ensuring the implementation of rules and market operation efficiency. The evaluation of governance effectiveness measures the effectiveness of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements from the aspect of environment, economy, and system, and provides feedback on the evaluation results to drive continuous optimization of the governance system. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the governance path of regional differentiation, promote effective coordination between marketization and administrative means, and deepen financial innovation to activate the market vitality of capital efficiency and resource and environmental elements.
The market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection, and a sound governance system can effectively improve the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the problems in the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements, but lack a summary of governance experience. Ninety-four reports from media such as the People’s Daily and the Guangming Daily are selected as research samples, and the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is extracted using the grounded theory method. The results indicate that the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements consists of five parts: strategic goal guidance, institutional system construction, market operation management, technology and talent empowerment, and governance effectiveness evaluation, forming a dynamic governance loop. Among them, strategic goals lead the direction of market-oriented allocation and governance of resource and environmental elements, providing top-level guidance for the entire system. The institutional system construction focuses on the design of basic rules such as property rights, quotas, and supervision, laying the foundation for the markets of resource and environmental elements. Market operation management involves multiple aspects such as transaction design, financial innovation, and collaborative networks, promoting efficient flow of price discovery and resource and environmental elements. Technology and talent empowerment relies on infrastructure, technical standards, and professional talent cultivation to provide market support for resource and environmental elements, ensuring the implementation of rules and market operation efficiency. The evaluation of governance effectiveness measures the effectiveness of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements from the aspect of environment, economy, and system, and provides feedback on the evaluation results to drive continuous optimization of the governance system. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the governance path of regional differentiation, promote effective coordination between marketization and administrative means, and deepen financial innovation to activate the market vitality of capital efficiency and resource and environmental elements.
2026,28(3):154-166
DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2026.03.014
Abstract:
A stable policy environment is a crucial factor in ensuring the development and growth of private enterprises. Against the backdrop of complex and volatile domestic and international economic conditions and increasingly frequent policy adjustments, it is of great significance to conduct an in-depth examination of the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the high-quality development of private enterprises in China. Based on the data of privately listed enterprises in China from 2003 to 2023, this paper uses a two-way fixed effects model to empirically test the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the high-quality development of private enterprises. This paper finds that: First, there is a significant inverted “U”-shaped relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises, and the conclusion is valid after a series of robustness tests and endogenous treatment. Second, strategic differentiation plays a nonlinear mediating role between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises. Third, dynamic capability and its sub-dimensions (absorptive capacity, adaptability, and innovation capacity) positively moderate the inverted “U”-shaped relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises. Specifically, the stronger the dynamic capability, the flatter the inverted “U”-shaped curve, indicating the later occurrence of the inflection point. Fourth, the advantage of financial resources can effectively alleviate the financing constraints brought by economic policy uncertainty. When a firm’s CEO lacks a financial background, the level of supply chain finance is low, or the level of digital inclusive finance development in a city is low, the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises presents a steeper inverted “U”-shaped curve with an earlier inflection point. The findings provide valuable insights for private enterprises on how to optimize strategic decision-making, strengthen dynamic capabilities, and leverage financial resources to enhance the quality of their development amid rising economic policy uncertainty.
A stable policy environment is a crucial factor in ensuring the development and growth of private enterprises. Against the backdrop of complex and volatile domestic and international economic conditions and increasingly frequent policy adjustments, it is of great significance to conduct an in-depth examination of the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the high-quality development of private enterprises in China. Based on the data of privately listed enterprises in China from 2003 to 2023, this paper uses a two-way fixed effects model to empirically test the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the high-quality development of private enterprises. This paper finds that: First, there is a significant inverted “U”-shaped relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises, and the conclusion is valid after a series of robustness tests and endogenous treatment. Second, strategic differentiation plays a nonlinear mediating role between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises. Third, dynamic capability and its sub-dimensions (absorptive capacity, adaptability, and innovation capacity) positively moderate the inverted “U”-shaped relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises. Specifically, the stronger the dynamic capability, the flatter the inverted “U”-shaped curve, indicating the later occurrence of the inflection point. Fourth, the advantage of financial resources can effectively alleviate the financing constraints brought by economic policy uncertainty. When a firm’s CEO lacks a financial background, the level of supply chain finance is low, or the level of digital inclusive finance development in a city is low, the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the high-quality development of private enterprises presents a steeper inverted “U”-shaped curve with an earlier inflection point. The findings provide valuable insights for private enterprises on how to optimize strategic decision-making, strengthen dynamic capabilities, and leverage financial resources to enhance the quality of their development amid rising economic policy uncertainty.
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The introduction of generative artificial intelligence is of unique help to the field of government environmental governance. Generative artificial intelligence can quickly organize environmental data. As a digital customer service officer, it can realize humanized expression, assist staff to make environmental decisions and strengthen environmental supervision. The deep application of generative artificial intelligence embedded in government environmental governance has driven a logical change in governance subject, time, method and content. However, there are different risks in the early preparation stage, the actual operation stage and the subsequent treatment stage when the generative artificial intelligence is embedded in government environmental governance. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the theory of agile governance, integrate the comprehensiveness, adaptability and flexibility of agile governance into the design of regulatory path, and construct an adaptive governance mechanism that conforms to the basic principles of the comprehensiveness of agile governance, the combination of prevention in advance and response afterwards, and the flexible process supervision mechanism.
The introduction of generative artificial intelligence is of unique help to the field of government environmental governance. Generative artificial intelligence can quickly organize environmental data. As a digital customer service officer, it can realize humanized expression, assist staff to make environmental decisions and strengthen environmental supervision. The deep application of generative artificial intelligence embedded in government environmental governance has driven a logical change in governance subject, time, method and content. However, there are different risks in the early preparation stage, the actual operation stage and the subsequent treatment stage when the generative artificial intelligence is embedded in government environmental governance. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the theory of agile governance, integrate the comprehensiveness, adaptability and flexibility of agile governance into the design of regulatory path, and construct an adaptive governance mechanism that conforms to the basic principles of the comprehensiveness of agile governance, the combination of prevention in advance and response afterwards, and the flexible process supervision mechanism.
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2020,22(2):39-47, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.02.006
Abstract:
All major pandemic diseases and epidemics have important characteristics such as a wide scope, cross region, on a social and global scale. The control of pandemic diseases and epidemics in line with full factors and whole process needs to give full play to the function of modern digital technology of big data. Taking the full life cycle management of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) outbreak from beginning to the end of pandemic as a case, this paper discusses the application of big data in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control, [JP2]such as supporting continuous improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment, supporting virus tracing and analysis, supporting epidemiological investigation and diagnosis, accurate monitoring and judgment of epidemic situation, effective screening of epidemic situation, telemedicine diagnosis and treatment, accurate early warning of epidemic situation. It proposes the innovation and application of big data such as the comprehensive study and judgment of the situation, the building of a “six level” joint prevention and control system from the state to the community, scientific and precise social governance during the epidemic period, AI intelligent innovative medical products, intelligent medical industry and the socio economic recovery and development in the post epidemic period. The problems of data accuracy, data segmentation, data disclosure and insufficient privacy protection in the application of big data in the prevention and control of major epidemic diseases are pointed out. [JP]
All major pandemic diseases and epidemics have important characteristics such as a wide scope, cross region, on a social and global scale. The control of pandemic diseases and epidemics in line with full factors and whole process needs to give full play to the function of modern digital technology of big data. Taking the full life cycle management of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) outbreak from beginning to the end of pandemic as a case, this paper discusses the application of big data in the whole process of epidemic prevention and control, [JP2]such as supporting continuous improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment, supporting virus tracing and analysis, supporting epidemiological investigation and diagnosis, accurate monitoring and judgment of epidemic situation, effective screening of epidemic situation, telemedicine diagnosis and treatment, accurate early warning of epidemic situation. It proposes the innovation and application of big data such as the comprehensive study and judgment of the situation, the building of a “six level” joint prevention and control system from the state to the community, scientific and precise social governance during the epidemic period, AI intelligent innovative medical products, intelligent medical industry and the socio economic recovery and development in the post epidemic period. The problems of data accuracy, data segmentation, data disclosure and insufficient privacy protection in the application of big data in the prevention and control of major epidemic diseases are pointed out. [JP]
2019,21(1):1-10, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671.2019.01.001
Abstract:
The development of the new generation of artificial intelligence and the future prospect of the autonomous evolution of artificial general intelligence have highlighted the importance of information need research. The investigation on information need not only relates to the deepening understanding of human need and thus, human nature, but also involves the understanding of the nature of artificial general intelligence and its driving mechanism of autonomous evolution. The research of information and its evolution has provided conditions for the investigation on information need to expand from organism to information agent, so that it is possible to understand the information need more effectively and move towards the unified understanding of human intelligence, artificial intelligence and their common evolutionary mechanism. Information need is the desire of information agents to find and obtain information in order to meet their conscious or unconscious needs. It is not only the driven engine of intelligent evolution, but also the performance of human nature and the basic characteristics of artificial general intelligence. The reciprocity of information and the intercommunity of information needs to be satisfied and produced determine that the artificial general intelligence, which has developed to a certain level, may have the common nature with human being. This involves not only the core contents of the evolution of artificial intelligence and its mechanism, but also the deepening understanding of the nature of artificial intelligence and the basis of corresponding ethical support. In conclusion，information need is an important area of artificial intelligence research.
The development of the new generation of artificial intelligence and the future prospect of the autonomous evolution of artificial general intelligence have highlighted the importance of information need research. The investigation on information need not only relates to the deepening understanding of human need and thus, human nature, but also involves the understanding of the nature of artificial general intelligence and its driving mechanism of autonomous evolution. The research of information and its evolution has provided conditions for the investigation on information need to expand from organism to information agent, so that it is possible to understand the information need more effectively and move towards the unified understanding of human intelligence, artificial intelligence and their common evolutionary mechanism. Information need is the desire of information agents to find and obtain information in order to meet their conscious or unconscious needs. It is not only the driven engine of intelligent evolution, but also the performance of human nature and the basic characteristics of artificial general intelligence. The reciprocity of information and the intercommunity of information needs to be satisfied and produced determine that the artificial general intelligence, which has developed to a certain level, may have the common nature with human being. This involves not only the core contents of the evolution of artificial intelligence and its mechanism, but also the deepening understanding of the nature of artificial intelligence and the basis of corresponding ethical support. In conclusion，information need is an important area of artificial intelligence research.
2020,22(1):1-7, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.001
Abstract:
A deep understanding of the dialectical unity between the CPC’s self revolution and social revolution is the premise and foundation for promoting the “two revolutions” collaboratively. From the perspective of theoretical logic, the dialectical unity between the “two transformations” constitutes the philosophical connotation of the dialectical unity of the “two revolutions”. From the perspective of practical progress, balanced promotion of the great social revolution and great self revolution constitutes the significant guarantee for the prolonged winning career of CPC. From the perspective of reality, in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, under the background of profound changes in the world situation, national conditions and the party’s situation, and under the situation of great challenges to the party’s construction, it is necessary to grasp the basic principles of experience to further collaboratively promote the “two revolutions”.
A deep understanding of the dialectical unity between the CPC’s self revolution and social revolution is the premise and foundation for promoting the “two revolutions” collaboratively. From the perspective of theoretical logic, the dialectical unity between the “two transformations” constitutes the philosophical connotation of the dialectical unity of the “two revolutions”. From the perspective of practical progress, balanced promotion of the great social revolution and great self revolution constitutes the significant guarantee for the prolonged winning career of CPC. From the perspective of reality, in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, under the background of profound changes in the world situation, national conditions and the party’s situation, and under the situation of great challenges to the party’s construction, it is necessary to grasp the basic principles of experience to further collaboratively promote the “two revolutions”.
2020,22(3):1-8, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.03.001
Abstract:
In the mid to late 19th century, Marx saw the false nature behind the primitive accumulation of Western industrial capital through the illusion of rapid development of the capitalist economy, and deeply criticized British colonialism. He exposed the British colonial atrocities in China and its harm, dialectically analyzed the double impact of British colonial acts on Indian rule. But in his later years, Marx corrected the early affirmative evaluation of the British colonialism, re analyzed the historical role of colonialism in India, and profoundly criticized the deep disaster caused by colonial rule in the eastern countries. Marx’s criticism of the colonialism and bridging of British colonialism has a vigilant meaning to our vigilance against various colonialism and imperialism. It also provides a theoretical weapon for today’s resistance to cultural colonialism and “peaceful evolution”, as well as a realistic revelation for the construction of the Shared Community of Human Destiny.
In the mid to late 19th century, Marx saw the false nature behind the primitive accumulation of Western industrial capital through the illusion of rapid development of the capitalist economy, and deeply criticized British colonialism. He exposed the British colonial atrocities in China and its harm, dialectically analyzed the double impact of British colonial acts on Indian rule. But in his later years, Marx corrected the early affirmative evaluation of the British colonialism, re analyzed the historical role of colonialism in India, and profoundly criticized the deep disaster caused by colonial rule in the eastern countries. Marx’s criticism of the colonialism and bridging of British colonialism has a vigilant meaning to our vigilance against various colonialism and imperialism. It also provides a theoretical weapon for today’s resistance to cultural colonialism and “peaceful evolution”, as well as a realistic revelation for the construction of the Shared Community of Human Destiny.
2020,22(1):28-36, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.005
Abstract:
With the climate warming, the frequency and intensity of disasters continue to increase. Effective disaster prevention and disaster emergency management requires a comprehensive understanding of the impact of disasters on the economy. The Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (DCGE) was introduced into the disaster comprehensive economic loss assessment. Taking the rainstorms and floods in China from 2008 to 2016 as an example, the DCGE model in the disaster situation was constructed to measure the impact of the entire economic system. The empirical results show that: from the perspective of the current period, the occurrence of rainstorms and floods affects social production to various degrees. The loss range of China’s total output caused by rainstorms and floods in 2008 2016 was [3525652, 40536761］billion yuan. In the long run, the cumulative effect of disasters cannot be ignored. The occurrence of rainstorms and floods will not only affect the social and economic development of that year, but also have a significant impact on the economic development in the later period. The results obtained are a useful supplement to the study of disaster economic losses, and can serve as empirical support for government and other departments to carry out post disaster emergency management.
With the climate warming, the frequency and intensity of disasters continue to increase. Effective disaster prevention and disaster emergency management requires a comprehensive understanding of the impact of disasters on the economy. The Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (DCGE) was introduced into the disaster comprehensive economic loss assessment. Taking the rainstorms and floods in China from 2008 to 2016 as an example, the DCGE model in the disaster situation was constructed to measure the impact of the entire economic system. The empirical results show that: from the perspective of the current period, the occurrence of rainstorms and floods affects social production to various degrees. The loss range of China’s total output caused by rainstorms and floods in 2008 2016 was [3525652, 40536761］billion yuan. In the long run, the cumulative effect of disasters cannot be ignored. The occurrence of rainstorms and floods will not only affect the social and economic development of that year, but also have a significant impact on the economic development in the later period. The results obtained are a useful supplement to the study of disaster economic losses, and can serve as empirical support for government and other departments to carry out post disaster emergency management.
2020,22(1):53-62, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.008
Abstract:
Environmental governance was used to be regarded as the exclusive field of natural science. With the exposure of multiple problems in environmental governance, the importance of environmental sociology has been highlighted. Literature studies based on the clues of “knot” and “solution” show that academic circles have carried out multi dimensional research on performance, reflection, theory, practice, and social mechanism of environmental governance. It is not an isolated social action, but embedded in a specific political, economic and social system. In recent years, the situation of national environmental governance has undergone structural changes, and its performance has changed significantly. Sociologists can conduct research on frontier issues within the framework of social response, social process and social impact on environmental governance. Deepening research on environmental governance will provide an important basis for the production of environmental sociology knowledge.
Environmental governance was used to be regarded as the exclusive field of natural science. With the exposure of multiple problems in environmental governance, the importance of environmental sociology has been highlighted. Literature studies based on the clues of “knot” and “solution” show that academic circles have carried out multi dimensional research on performance, reflection, theory, practice, and social mechanism of environmental governance. It is not an isolated social action, but embedded in a specific political, economic and social system. In recent years, the situation of national environmental governance has undergone structural changes, and its performance has changed significantly. Sociologists can conduct research on frontier issues within the framework of social response, social process and social impact on environmental governance. Deepening research on environmental governance will provide an important basis for the production of environmental sociology knowledge.
2015,17(2):33-39, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2015.02.007
Abstract:
Western Migrants ' Integration Theories mainlyfocus on the categorization and causal explanation on theintegration process of migrants. The Canonical Accountproposed by Robert E. Park and Milton M. Gordon usheresin a new age in this field. Other theories, such as Straight-line Assimilation Theory, Bumpy-Line Theory of Ethnicity,Segmented Assimilation Theory and Multiculturalism, arethe critical developments based on the canonical accounts.These theories undergo the following change: the change ofintegration result from inevitability to relativity, the changeof integration thread from direct one to indirect one, thechange of integration mode from completeness to selection,the change of integration direction from sole one to multipleone. More and more studies tend to emphasize the diversedirections, bumpy-line process and relative outcomes ofmigrants' integration process. Furthermore, the latest trendmainly concentrates on the difference on integration processamong migrants, which is expected to have impact on thetheory reintegration in the future.
Western Migrants ' Integration Theories mainlyfocus on the categorization and causal explanation on theintegration process of migrants. The Canonical Accountproposed by Robert E. Park and Milton M. Gordon usheresin a new age in this field. Other theories, such as Straight-line Assimilation Theory, Bumpy-Line Theory of Ethnicity,Segmented Assimilation Theory and Multiculturalism, arethe critical developments based on the canonical accounts.These theories undergo the following change: the change ofintegration result from inevitability to relativity, the changeof integration thread from direct one to indirect one, thechange of integration mode from completeness to selection,the change of integration direction from sole one to multipleone. More and more studies tend to emphasize the diversedirections, bumpy-line process and relative outcomes ofmigrants' integration process. Furthermore, the latest trendmainly concentrates on the difference on integration processamong migrants, which is expected to have impact on thetheory reintegration in the future.
2020,22(1):14-21, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.003
Abstract:
Sinicization of Marxism shows its own unique theoretical logic in the development process. Its characteristics are embodied in the combination of concretization, the development of the times and the integration of themes, which has important enlightenment for the innovation and development of Sinicization of Marxism in the new era. In the process of the development of Sinicization of Marxism, our party has successively explored the concrete combination of Marxism and specific practical forms such as Chinese revolution, construction, reform and development, so as to provide practical content and historical basis for the development of Sinicization of Marxism. Our party answers the questions of the times in turn, highlights the theme of the times, carries forward the spirit of the times, explores the dynamic motivation, realizes the development of Marxism in China and shows the theoretical characteristics of advancing with the times. Having innovatively completed the theme transformation of theory succession and development, our party has integrated Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of “Three Represents”, Scientific Outlook on Development, Xi Jinping’s new era socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continues to improve the party’s theoretical thinking level and move towards a state of theoretical maturity.
Sinicization of Marxism shows its own unique theoretical logic in the development process. Its characteristics are embodied in the combination of concretization, the development of the times and the integration of themes, which has important enlightenment for the innovation and development of Sinicization of Marxism in the new era. In the process of the development of Sinicization of Marxism, our party has successively explored the concrete combination of Marxism and specific practical forms such as Chinese revolution, construction, reform and development, so as to provide practical content and historical basis for the development of Sinicization of Marxism. Our party answers the questions of the times in turn, highlights the theme of the times, carries forward the spirit of the times, explores the dynamic motivation, realizes the development of Marxism in China and shows the theoretical characteristics of advancing with the times. Having innovatively completed the theme transformation of theory succession and development, our party has integrated Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping theory, the important thought of “Three Represents”, Scientific Outlook on Development, Xi Jinping’s new era socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continues to improve the party’s theoretical thinking level and move towards a state of theoretical maturity.
2020,22(1):37-43, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the natural characteristics of storm surge such as concentrated occurring time, significant regional differences, severe economic losses and serious secondary disasters, and on the analysis of the relief demands of the masses, government and economic organizations, this paper dissects the synergetic mechanism between losses and relief of storm surge from dimensions of time, space and logic. A four dimensional relief system is constructed, containing content system, structure system, hierarchical system and service system. This paper suggests operating the system efficiently by accelerating the building of legal system, improving financial investment mechanism and constructing the supervision system.
Based on the natural characteristics of storm surge such as concentrated occurring time, significant regional differences, severe economic losses and serious secondary disasters, and on the analysis of the relief demands of the masses, government and economic organizations, this paper dissects the synergetic mechanism between losses and relief of storm surge from dimensions of time, space and logic. A four dimensional relief system is constructed, containing content system, structure system, hierarchical system and service system. This paper suggests operating the system efficiently by accelerating the building of legal system, improving financial investment mechanism and constructing the supervision system.
2020,22(1):8-13, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Power restriction is the basic premise to prevent power abuse, and power supervision is the basic form of power restriction. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, standing at the height of history and times, the communist party of China has carried out new thoughts and explorations on why and how to strengthen power supervision. It is necessary to deepen ideological understanding and clarify the logic of strengthening power supervision in the new era from the aspects of the nature of power which lies in the people, the duality of power operation and the importance of power function; to make clear the supervision path, and establish a comprehensive, goal oriented, authoritative and efficient power supervision system；to adhere to multiple measures, build an ideological and moral defense line with party spirit education, a rigid normative system with laws and regulations, a power constraint system with democratic rights, and optimize the power operation mechanism with power allocation so as to explore a way of power supervision with Chinese characteristics.
Power restriction is the basic premise to prevent power abuse, and power supervision is the basic form of power restriction. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, standing at the height of history and times, the communist party of China has carried out new thoughts and explorations on why and how to strengthen power supervision. It is necessary to deepen ideological understanding and clarify the logic of strengthening power supervision in the new era from the aspects of the nature of power which lies in the people, the duality of power operation and the importance of power function; to make clear the supervision path, and establish a comprehensive, goal oriented, authoritative and efficient power supervision system；to adhere to multiple measures, build an ideological and moral defense line with party spirit education, a rigid normative system with laws and regulations, a power constraint system with democratic rights, and optimize the power operation mechanism with power allocation so as to explore a way of power supervision with Chinese characteristics.
2021,23(1):1-9, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2021.01.001
Abstract:
Fundamentally, Marxism is a new world outlook, which is the basis of all Marxism. Therefore, to learn Marxism well, the most basic thing is to read Marxism Leninist classics from the perspective of world outlook, so as to achieve the overall understanding of Marxism. To learn Marxist philosophy world outlook well is the main axis for us to study Marxist Leninist classics. Our party is good at learning classics, however, to learn Marxism Leninism classics well, some basic principles should be followed including grasping “spiritual essence” rather than “a few words”, studying systematically rather than fragmentarily, practically rather than emptily, insisting on learning for “finding out the problems for ourselves”, and enhancing the realm of reading by developing learning classics into a way of life. It is a methodological principle to correctly handle the relationship between text and history, between contradiction and category, between theme and discourse, and between words and sentences and spiritual essence.
Fundamentally, Marxism is a new world outlook, which is the basis of all Marxism. Therefore, to learn Marxism well, the most basic thing is to read Marxism Leninist classics from the perspective of world outlook, so as to achieve the overall understanding of Marxism. To learn Marxist philosophy world outlook well is the main axis for us to study Marxist Leninist classics. Our party is good at learning classics, however, to learn Marxism Leninism classics well, some basic principles should be followed including grasping “spiritual essence” rather than “a few words”, studying systematically rather than fragmentarily, practically rather than emptily, insisting on learning for “finding out the problems for ourselves”, and enhancing the realm of reading by developing learning classics into a way of life. It is a methodological principle to correctly handle the relationship between text and history, between contradiction and category, between theme and discourse, and between words and sentences and spiritual essence.
2020,22(2):1-8, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.02.001
Abstract:
The Communist Party of China is required to put forward the new idea of global governance in line with the development of productive forces and the expectations of the international community because of the change in the international pattern of the 21st century, the transfer of international power,the increasing interdependence of the international community and the severity of global issues.Based on Marxist view of the times, Xi Jinping’s thought on global governance inherits China’s traditional “Tianxia view” and the ideology of new China’s peaceful diplomacy. Adhering to the principle of wide consultation, joint construction and shared benefits to construct a community of common destiny, Xi Jinping proposes building an open, innovative, linkage and inclusive world economy, adhering to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, adhering to the global ecological civilization of common, green and rule of law, and establishing a network governance mechanism that respects sovereignty and cooperates with each other.Xi Jinping’s thought onglobal governance is a scientific system with rich connotation and strict logic,contributing to China’s wisdom and China’s program to solve the problem of global governance and promoting the development of global governance system towards a more just and reasonable direction.
The Communist Party of China is required to put forward the new idea of global governance in line with the development of productive forces and the expectations of the international community because of the change in the international pattern of the 21st century, the transfer of international power,the increasing interdependence of the international community and the severity of global issues.Based on Marxist view of the times, Xi Jinping’s thought on global governance inherits China’s traditional “Tianxia view” and the ideology of new China’s peaceful diplomacy. Adhering to the principle of wide consultation, joint construction and shared benefits to construct a community of common destiny, Xi Jinping proposes building an open, innovative, linkage and inclusive world economy, adhering to the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, adhering to the global ecological civilization of common, green and rule of law, and establishing a network governance mechanism that respects sovereignty and cooperates with each other.Xi Jinping’s thought onglobal governance is a scientific system with rich connotation and strict logic,contributing to China’s wisdom and China’s program to solve the problem of global governance and promoting the development of global governance system towards a more just and reasonable direction.
2020,22(1):63-73, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.009
Abstract:
Since the 1980s, the research on environmental risk perception has become the focus and hot spot of international scholars. A large number of scholars at home and abroad summarize and analyze the literature of environmental risk perception from the perspective of different disciplines, but it is still difficult to reach a consensus in this research field. In this study, 415 papers related to environmental risk perception published in 1982 2019 were taken as samples, and the knowledge unit co occurrence matrix was constructed by SATI software. The matrix was introduced into Ucinet social network analysis software to generate environmental risk perception keyword co occurrence knowledge map, and SPSS software was used for factor analysis, cluster analysis and multi dimensional scale analysis of high frequency keyword dissimilarity matrix. There are nine academic school researches and four knowledge map dimensions of environmental risk perception. According to these, they are divided into two dimensions: “existentialism ” and “constructivism”. Under the multi disciplinary path, the research of environmental risk perception is permeated and intermingled with each other in “conceptual interpretation”, “objective unity” and “theoretical integration”. However, due to the differences and divisions between “existentialism” and “constructivism”, it is difficult to integrate the study of environmental risk perception. According to this, it will provide reference and reflection for the study of environmental risk perception in China.
Since the 1980s, the research on environmental risk perception has become the focus and hot spot of international scholars. A large number of scholars at home and abroad summarize and analyze the literature of environmental risk perception from the perspective of different disciplines, but it is still difficult to reach a consensus in this research field. In this study, 415 papers related to environmental risk perception published in 1982 2019 were taken as samples, and the knowledge unit co occurrence matrix was constructed by SATI software. The matrix was introduced into Ucinet social network analysis software to generate environmental risk perception keyword co occurrence knowledge map, and SPSS software was used for factor analysis, cluster analysis and multi dimensional scale analysis of high frequency keyword dissimilarity matrix. There are nine academic school researches and four knowledge map dimensions of environmental risk perception. According to these, they are divided into two dimensions: “existentialism ” and “constructivism”. Under the multi disciplinary path, the research of environmental risk perception is permeated and intermingled with each other in “conceptual interpretation”, “objective unity” and “theoretical integration”. However, due to the differences and divisions between “existentialism” and “constructivism”, it is difficult to integrate the study of environmental risk perception. According to this, it will provide reference and reflection for the study of environmental risk perception in China.
2015,17(2):77-82, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2015.02.015
Abstract:
Bonds yields fluctuations have an importantimpact on the efficiency of a country 's financial marketresources allocation, and even the stability of financialmarkets. Based on the data from 2002 to 2014 of the bondsmarket in China and in the United States, this paper carriesout the comparative study of bond yields in China and in theUnited States from the perspectives of treasury bond yieldscurve, yields fluctuations and influential factors. Theresults show that the exchange market and interbank marketyields on treasure bonds form, yields fluctuations of Chinaand the United States have their respective characteristics;Yields of China and the United States for the dollar indexchange of the reaction are not the same. With theappreciation of the dollars, China and the United Statestreasury bonds yields show a certain degree of convergence,while with the depreciation of the Dollars, China and theUnited States treasury bond yields shows a certain degree ofdeviation; China and the United States treasury bond yieldshave the same reaction to the price index changes, whichhas a positive relationship with the domestic price index.On the basis of the analysis, the paper makes the followingpolicy suggestions to perfect the development of China’streasury bond market: enriching treasury bond tradingvarieties, improving the trading mechanism and bring intoplay the fund function of treasury bond market.
Bonds yields fluctuations have an importantimpact on the efficiency of a country 's financial marketresources allocation, and even the stability of financialmarkets. Based on the data from 2002 to 2014 of the bondsmarket in China and in the United States, this paper carriesout the comparative study of bond yields in China and in theUnited States from the perspectives of treasury bond yieldscurve, yields fluctuations and influential factors. Theresults show that the exchange market and interbank marketyields on treasure bonds form, yields fluctuations of Chinaand the United States have their respective characteristics;Yields of China and the United States for the dollar indexchange of the reaction are not the same. With theappreciation of the dollars, China and the United Statestreasury bonds yields show a certain degree of convergence,while with the depreciation of the Dollars, China and theUnited States treasury bond yields shows a certain degree ofdeviation; China and the United States treasury bond yieldshave the same reaction to the price index changes, whichhas a positive relationship with the domestic price index.On the basis of the analysis, the paper makes the followingpolicy suggestions to perfect the development of China’streasury bond market: enriching treasury bond tradingvarieties, improving the trading mechanism and bring intoplay the fund function of treasury bond market.
2020,22(1):22-27, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.004
Abstract:
With the development of society and the advancement of the scientific ideological and political education, people need to use the “New Theoretical Framework” to re recognize and build the ideological and political education system. Therefore, the ideological and political education system is an organic whole composed of knowledge, discipline, work, environment and other subsystems. In the concrete operation, the structure of Ideological and political education system is presented as a circle structure composed of inner circle structure with interdependence coexistence as logic, middle circle structure with interdependence as logic and outer circle structure with compound relationship as logic. In order to promote the optimum development of the ideological and political education system, it is necessary to focus on the goal of ideological and political education, enhance the awareness of ideological and political education, strengthen the multi level interaction and coordination of the system, and build a mature ideological and political education system.
With the development of society and the advancement of the scientific ideological and political education, people need to use the “New Theoretical Framework” to re recognize and build the ideological and political education system. Therefore, the ideological and political education system is an organic whole composed of knowledge, discipline, work, environment and other subsystems. In the concrete operation, the structure of Ideological and political education system is presented as a circle structure composed of inner circle structure with interdependence coexistence as logic, middle circle structure with interdependence as logic and outer circle structure with compound relationship as logic. In order to promote the optimum development of the ideological and political education system, it is necessary to focus on the goal of ideological and political education, enhance the awareness of ideological and political education, strengthen the multi level interaction and coordination of the system, and build a mature ideological and political education system.
2020,22(1):44-52, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.007
Abstract:
This paper aims to investigate the configuration of sustainable water markets in China in so far as the findings could benefit the robustness of such markets in case of their nationwide development. Based on market environmentalism, an empirical framework including water right allocation, active demanders, competitive water price and storage capacity is built. The study of 11 representative cases of WRT in China by using crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) shows that the active demanders are the necessary condition for sustainable water markets, followed by three sufficient configurations. The findings allude to the plausibility that local water agencies should tailor the most adaptable plans for local water markets instead of following the unified blueprint. Moreover, mobilizing enough demanders, as well as improving water storage capacity should be listed on the top above the other incremental policy goals.
This paper aims to investigate the configuration of sustainable water markets in China in so far as the findings could benefit the robustness of such markets in case of their nationwide development. Based on market environmentalism, an empirical framework including water right allocation, active demanders, competitive water price and storage capacity is built. The study of 11 representative cases of WRT in China by using crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) shows that the active demanders are the necessary condition for sustainable water markets, followed by three sufficient configurations. The findings allude to the plausibility that local water agencies should tailor the most adaptable plans for local water markets instead of following the unified blueprint. Moreover, mobilizing enough demanders, as well as improving water storage capacity should be listed on the top above the other incremental policy goals.
2020,22(1):74-81, DOI: 10.3876/j.issn.1671-4970.2020.01.010
Abstract:
There are many imbalances between supply and demand in China’s urban home based care service, such as multiple subjects but single service, low service response and large communication gap, and repeated content and low degree of specialization. These problems not only reduce service quality and waste service resources, but also weaken the relationship between service providers and demanders, so they need urgent improvement. With the advancement of social service resources involved in social governance in theory and practice, the theory of service resources integration has increasingly become an important research field. The optimization of service supply methods, the adjustment of service resources allocation, and the improvement of service modes included in the theory can effectively promote the balance between supply and demand of urban home based care services. Based on this theory, from the theoretical perspective of service resources integration, relying on the policy framework of supply and demand balance, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for optimizing the supply and demand balance path of urban home based care services, such as optimizing the chain of balanced policies, promoting the balance of supply and demand, and promoting the output of balanced policies.
There are many imbalances between supply and demand in China’s urban home based care service, such as multiple subjects but single service, low service response and large communication gap, and repeated content and low degree of specialization. These problems not only reduce service quality and waste service resources, but also weaken the relationship between service providers and demanders, so they need urgent improvement. With the advancement of social service resources involved in social governance in theory and practice, the theory of service resources integration has increasingly become an important research field. The optimization of service supply methods, the adjustment of service resources allocation, and the improvement of service modes included in the theory can effectively promote the balance between supply and demand of urban home based care services. Based on this theory, from the theoretical perspective of service resources integration, relying on the policy framework of supply and demand balance, the paper proposes an optimization strategy for optimizing the supply and demand balance path of urban home based care services, such as optimizing the chain of balanced policies, promoting the balance of supply and demand, and promoting the output of balanced policies.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
中华人民共和国教育部
- Sponsored by
河海大学
- Editor-in-Chief
王慧敏
- Address：
江苏省南京市西康路1号
- Postcode：
210098
- Phone：
025-83786376
- E-mail：
sk1999@vip.163.com
- CN：
32-1521/C
- ISSN：
1671-4970
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Journal of Hohai University (Philosophy and Socail Sciences) ® 2026 All Rights ReservedAddress：江苏省南京市西康路1号Postcode：210098Tel：025-83786376
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