In terms of the landscape pattern, this study made an assessment of the landscape ecological health of the Zhangweinan River Basin in three eras (the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s). This study identified the impact of climate change and human activities on the basis of analysis of the evolution trends of watershed landscape ecological health and also quantitatively determined the contribution of different human activities. The results show that, since the 1980s, the landscape ecological health of the Zhangweinan River Basin has presented a worsening trend. The contributions that climate change and human activities made to the evolution of the landscape ecological health are 13.95% and 86.05%, respectively. As driving factors of human activities, urbanization and the utilization of water resources have negative effects on watershed landscape ecological health evolution, with contribution rates of -37.19% and -34.89%, respectively, while soil and water conservation has positive effects on watershed landscape ecological health evolution, with a contribution rate of 25.72%.