Through water level control tests in two important growth stages of rice,the jointing-booting and heading- flowering stages,the change of total phosphorus (TP) mass concentration in surface and subsurface water of a paddy field were studied using lysimeters under alternative stresses of drought and waterlogging (ASDW) in individual stages and two consecutive growth stages. The results show that ASDW had a significant influence on the change of TP mass concentrations in surface and subsurface water of a paddy field,the TP mass concentration in surface water with the treatment of waterlogging after drought was much higher than it was with the treatment of drought after waterlogging,and the declining rate of phosphorus release amount was faster. The mean TP mass concentration in the waterlogging phase was higher than in the drought phase with all treatments of subsurface water. The TP mass concentration increased significantly after the abrupt alternation from drought to waterlogging. Compared with that during the individual growth stages with the treatment of ASDW,the change of TP mass concentration in the heading-flowering stage during the two consecutive growth stages with the treatment of ASDW was similar,the mean TP mass concentration in surface water was lower,and the mean TP mass concentration in subsurface water was higher.