Based on the establishment of comprehensive evaluation index system for water resource environment and urbanization development, an empirical analysis of the interaction between water resource environment and urbanization development in Jiangsu Province from 2002 to 2013 is carried out by use of the coupling coordination degree model. The results show that the changing processes of water resources and urbanization are not consistent. The level of the water resource environment increases with fluctuations, while that of the urbanization development always has an increasing trend. It determines the unique coupling characteristics: relatively low-level coupling stage with fluctuations ( antagonism or practice stage) before 2004, high-level coupling stage since 2004, and then remaining at this level. Accordingly, some suggestions are put forward: strengthening of management and protection of water resources, promotion of industrial upgrading and improvement of risk prevention capacity.