Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis and survey data, the yearly effects in reservoir resettlement areas are investigated since the long-term livelihood problem processing planning is initiated. The contents include the human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital in the resettlement areas. The results show that the reservoir immigrants'long-term livelihood problem processing planning has obviously improved their material capital and social capital in the resettlement areas. However, the variations of part of the human capital, natural capital and financial capital are not obvious. Therefore, it is suggested that in future, the knowledge and professional education should be promoted, farmers'cooperation organization should be enhanced, financial support and self-employed business should be encouraged to ensure the sustainable development of the livelihood in the reservoir resettlement areas.