Based on the analysis of the available research results, the current situation of working mechanism for the total water consumption statistics is known through field investigations, and the existing shortcomings are discussed. The working mechanism design is improved from three aspects of business process mechanism, review mechanism and incentive mechanism. Firstly, it is necessary to reconstruct the business process, that is, to add the supervision process and the evaluation/check process to the traditional process of the water consumption statistics. Secondly, the review mechanism should be established for the water resources monitoring departments and the water users according to differences of source data in the water consumption statistics. Finally, the incentive mechanism should be design based on the principal-agent theory and the incentive mechanism theory. The incentive mechanisms should be respectively designed for the water users and the monitoring departments, and an evaluation index system for water resources monitoring departments is initially established.