The protection and sustainable use of water resources has become a serious task in the increasing economic growth of Jiangsu Province, and the core is to improve the efficiency of water use. Based on the statistical data of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2010, the time series evolution of the relative efficiency of water use in 13 cities is investigated by using the data envelopment analysis, and the total-factor productivity(TFP)of water resources in Jiangsu Province is analyzed by means of the Malmquist index method. The change trend of TFP of water resources in Jiangsu Province in 2001, 2005 and 2010 is highlighted. The regional characteristics of efficiency of water use in 13 cities are studied using the Moran index in the spatial correlation analysis method. The results show that from 2000 to 2010, the relative efficiency of water use in Jiangsu Province has an inverted U-shaped trend, and the TFP has a decreasing trend, and the efficiency of water use in 13 cities is significantly different. In this regard, the above 13 cities of Jiangsu Province should be appropriate to take different measures to promote the establishment of water-saving society.