Based on the relevant statistical data of industrial environment and economy of eight prefectural cities in Anhui reach of Huaihe River Basin from 2005 to 2014, the non-parametric Kernel function is adopted to describe the dynamic evolution of per capita GDP and industrial pollution emissions, and the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)model for Huaihe River Basin is established to study the effects of the relationship between its change of ecological environment quality economic growth. The results show that the level of economic development in the region is generally in the rising phase, and the differences between prefectural regions become large with the advance of time. The kernel density distributions of per capita industrial wastewater emissions and per capita industrial emissions have a certain similarity. The per capita industrial emissions have a linear relationship with the per capita GDP. The per capita industrial wastewater emissions and per capita industrial solid waste emissions have a positive U-type quadratic curve relationship with the per capita GDP, which is not fully in accordance with the typical Kuznets characteristic curve. Most areas of Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province are still at the stage with economic development and ecological environment deterioration.