In order to improve the public participation and the effectiveness of the social stability risk evaluation for decision-making of large hydraulic projects, based on different interests of the central government, the local government and the public, the influencing factors for the local government and the public in strategy choice are discussed by using the evolutionary game. It is found that when the suffered loss of the public is more than the cost of participation, the stable balanced state of game is positive. On the contrary, the game results may be positive or negative. Based on this, the influences of the central government on the strategy choice of the local government and the public in the game of stability evaluation are analyzed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward as follows: improvement of the support of local governments, standardization of the system of public participation, strengthening of education, training and propaganda, and innovation of the way of public participation.