Based on the sustainable livelihood framework proposed by UK Department for International Development, the poor immigrants' livelihood capitals before and after resettlement centrally placed in Ningwu County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province investigated and compared by using the questionnaires and the semi-structured interview method. It is found after resettlement the immigrants' livelihood capitals increase. Among them, the physical capital significantly increases, however, the human capital, natural capital, social capital and financial capital decrease to some extent. Therefore, it is suggested to improve their livelihood capitals and to change the imbalance state by improving the immigrants' comprehensive quality, encouraging land transfer, completing the management and service functions of immigrant communities and increasing the support for the industries of immigrant communities.