The structural adjustment and optimization of water price is an important way to promote water price system more scientific and reasonable. Through the matching analysis of the current classified water price in Jiangsu Province from four dimensions, that is, the total level of water price and the cost of water supply, the classification of water price and the structure of actual water use, the raw water price of water conservancy projects and the tap water price as well as the agricultural classified water price based on the principle of economic output, the rationality of the structure of water price of water conservancy projects is analyzed. The internal and external demands for structural optimization of water price of water conservancy projects in Jiangsu Province are investigated. Some problems about the structure of water price of water conservancy projects in Jiangsu Province are revealed as follows: irrational classification of agricultural water price, loss of real significance in classification of aquaculture, inconsistence of the unified water price of tap water supplied by water conservancy projects with the current water use situations, and mismatch between classification and water-use measurement of industrial water price and measurement and collection of water fee. Some reasonable and specific suggestions are put forward in order to optimize the structure of water price and the rational allocation and use of wate resources in Jiangsu Province from agriculture and non-agriculture aspects.