Combined with the Lewin field theory, the similarity between construction quality atmosphere and field theory is analyzed, and the definition of the construction quality atmosphere is studied, which deepens the understanding of the quality of the atmosphere. On this basis, the factors that affect the construction quality atmosphere of water project are divided into three dimensions: individual, environmental and information communication, and eight influencing factors are obtained, that is, quality consciousness, quality attitude, quality ability, material environment, institutional environment, management environment, information collection and communication ways. According to the DEMATEL model, the relationships among those factors are discussed. The results show that the management environment, institutional environment and quality consciousness have greater impact on the quality atmosphere of water projects, and the institutional environment, communication ways and quality consciousness play a proactive role in the other factors.