Abstract:The assets accounting of water resources is one of the important contents of the assets checking and accounting of the national natural resources. Based on the survey and monitoring results of water resources in China at present, the accounting framework of water resource assets is put forward. The framework establishes a physical quantity accounting content index system including assets stocks, potential utilization, flows, reproducible capability, quality and protection status of water resources according to the stage and status of water resource assets in the natural, social and economic systems from the perspectives of asset ownership, management, use, income and protection. A “double-track” measurement system for price of assets with parallel transaction price and theoretical price is proposed on the basis of the development and utilization status of water resource assets.