In order to strengthen the legal basis for Yellow River Basin governance, further innovate the basin management system, and refine the legal responsibilities for Yellow River Basin governance, by sorting out existing regulations, research and analysis on the legal protection situation of Yellow River Basin governance after the implementation of the Yellow River Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China was conducted. The results show that there are still difficulties in the implementation of this law, such as unclear legislation, insufficient connection with relevant supporting regulations, and insufficient enforcement mechanisms, which restrict its full effectiveness. A path for improving watershed governance is proposed, including clarifying ecological protection governance goals, integrating and refining existing regulations, establishing a unified administrative management system, and building a diversified governance system, to solve the practical problems in the current Yellow River Basin governance.