To fully leverage the role of the tax business environment in promoting high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this article analyzes the optimization requirements for the tax business environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from five aspects: green development, innovative development, coordinated development, open development, and cultural development. Based on the key factors affecting the tax business environment, an evaluation index system is constructed, and data from 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2019 to 2022 are selected. The entropy method is used to evaluate the current status of the tax business environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results indicate that the overall tax business environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has improved from 2019 to 2022, but the tax business environment still needs to be continuously optimized. On this basis, it is pointed out that there are problems in the tax business environment, such as the need to improve the tax legal system, immature tax collection and management cooperation mechanism, poor regional coordination in tax law enforcement, and the need to optimize tax service promotion and consulting models. Corresponding optimization suggestions are also proposed.