In order to promote the high-quality development of the marine ecological civilization construction, the historical process of the marine ecological civilization construction has been systematically reviewed,the basic experience has been summarized, and practical challenges have been analyzed. The results indicate that there are practical challenges in the current marine ecological civilization construction, such as the need to optimize the marine industry structure, enhance the innovation capability of the marine ecological technology, improve the laws and regulations of the marine ecological civilization, and raise public awareness of the marine ecological civilization. To address these issues, paths of deepening the marine ecological civilization are proposed, including focusing on optimizing the structure of the marine industry, enhancing the innovation capability of the marine ecological technology, improving the laws and regulations of the marine ecological civilization, and raising public awareness of the marine ecological civilization.