Integrated flood risk management is a basic requirement for human beings to better defend against flood risks in a risk society, and it is also an integral part of integrated water resources management. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and other policy documents, the promulgation and implementation of the People’s Republic of China Yangtze River Protection Law and t he People’s Republic of China Yellow River Protection Law, a new round of government reform, rich flood prevention practices, and extraterritorial experience accumulation have provided a political and legal basis and practical basis for the implementation of the concept of integrated flood risk management and the optimization of the flood control management system and mechanism in the revision of the People’s Republic of China Flood Control Law . The specific optimization path is as follows: firstly, improve the flood prevention management system, including clarifying the responsibilities of leading departments and functional departments, consolidating the responsibilities of administrative heads and governments, establishing departmental coordination mechanisms and inter-provincial coordination mechanisms, establishing basin-wide coordination mechanisms for important water systems, and setting up expert advisory committees and social mutual assistance mechanisms. Secondly, strengthen the system and mechanism for the construction and management of flood storage and detention areas, establish a whole-process risk management and control mechanism for flood storage and detention areas on the basis of clarifying the management system of flood storage and detention areas, and improve the compensation and support and rescue systems for the use of flood storage and detention areas. Thirdly, optimize the system of flood prevention planning and flood prevention standards, in particular the establishment of a system of periodic review and updating. Lastly, establish new non-engineering flood prevention systems, such as the establishment of flood prevention planning for sub-basins of important water systems, the preparation of flood risk maps, and flood insurance systems.