Abstract:Water conservancy modernization is an important component of Chinese modernization, and the two show inherent consistency in strategic goals, value orientations, and practical logic. A deep understanding and systematic advancement of water conservancy modernization in the new era are of great theoretical and practical significance for consolidating the foundation of national water security and supporting high-quality economic and social development. From the holistic perspective of Chinese modernization, this paper systematically elucidates the core essence of water conservancy modernization in the new era and its alignment with Chinese modernization, including multi-objective synergy, people-oriented approach, systematic governance, and technological integration. It dialectically analyzes four major relationships that need to be coordinated in advancing water conservancy modernization, including the relationship between high-quality development and high-level security, between high-quality development and high-level protection, between traditional water conservancy functions and modern governance capabilities, and between near-term tasks and mid-to-long term planning. Taking Shaoxing City as a case study, this paper analyzes the implementation pathways for advancing water conservancy modernization based on its “Four Lets” water governance philosophy, “Four Types of Rivers and Lakes” construction direction, “Three Major Supports” development strategies, and “Five-Systems” implementation framework. The results show that the essence of water conservancy modernization in the new era is highly consistent with the five characteristics of Chinese modernization, and the four major relationships to be coordinated in the process of promoting water conservancy modernization are not isolated from each other but form an interdependent and dynamically balanced organic whole. The practice of Shaoxing’s “14435” strategic framework validates the promotion logic of “concept guidance-direction orientation-system guarantee”, offering a referential municipal model for exploring water conservancy modernization at the regional level.

Abstract:The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has established the status of water withdrawal rights as usufructuary rights, providing a legal basis for their transformation into mortgageable financial assets. However, given the contradiction between the dynamic nature of administrative control and the stability of financial assets in the mortgage financing of water withdrawal rights as immovable property, financial institutions still face the dilemma of “dare not lend” in practice. Taking the “Hubei Model” as a case study, this paper analyzes the bottlenecks in this kind of financing in the evolution from confirmation and access to risk management and control by combining the previous experience of its standardized confirmation and registration system and the coordination mechanism of “government-enterprise-bank”. This paper finds that the current Model is subject to macro institutional constraints, and there are bottlenecks in value assessment, ownership stability, risk quantification, and mortgage realization. Given the above bottlenecks, this study constructs an optimization path compatible with public law constraints and financial risk control: locking value through the income method that internalizes positive externalities, supplemented by binary registration and subrogation compensation rules to stabilize mortgage expectations; the risk pricing model based on hydrological probability is utilized to quantify physical risks stemming from water resource randomness. In the stage of mortgage realization, asset exit channels are facilitated by leveraging secondary markets and storage-and-purchase mechanisms.

Abstract:Precise accounting of ecological assets plays a fundamental role in facilitating interregional ecological compensation and advancing green development practices. By adopting the entire aquatic ecosystem as the compilation object and incorporating the value of aquatic products and aquatic ecosystem services into the measurement scope, this study explores the development of a water ecological balance sheet. Using relevant data from Changzhou from 2022 to 2023 as a sample, the application of the regional water ecological balance sheet is validated. The study reveals: Establishing a capital reserve account creates interlinkages between balance sheet items, forming a “Chango Table-Master Table” reporting system that enables systematic monitoring and dynamic assessment of regional water ecological assets, liabilities, and equity. The compilation principles of “quantifying physical quantities before monetary values, and classifying before synthesizing” can effectively reflect the adaptability of local governments’ water ecological policy management. The compilation method clearly reveals changes in Changzhou’s water ecological asset structure and their driving factors. It accurately captures resource and environmental shifts under Changzhou’s water ecological policy interventions, thereby providing reliable evidence for evaluating ecological protection policy effectiveness and supporting water ecological management decisions.

Abstract:Enhancing the efficiency of the port cluster in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is of great significance for regional economic integration and the establishment of the “dual circulation” new development pattern. Based on the super SBM model, this paper measures the efficiency of 11 ports in the Greater Bay Area from 2010 to 2023. It comprehensively employs kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse, and the Tobit model to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and influencing factors. The results indicate that, the overall efficiency of the port cluster in the Greater Bay Area shows a fluctuating upward trend, with significant heterogeneity in efficiency changes among individual ports. The efficiency value among ports is obviously stratified, forming a coexistence relationship of competition and cooperation. In terms of the time evolution, the kernel density curve shifts to the right, the main peak flattens, and the number of wave peak evolves from three peaks to four peaks. In terms of the spatial evolution, the center of gravity of the standard deviation ellipse moves to the northwest, the distribution tends to be discrete from concentration, the azimuth first moves counterclockwise and then clockwise, and the oblateness first rises and then decreases. In terms of the influencing factors, industrial structure, port functions, and technological innovation have a significant positive effect on the efficiency of the port cluster, while the degree of opening up has a significant negative effect.

Abstract:Based on the multi-regional input-output model, industrial transfer and carbon transfer implied by trade between different regions and provinces driven by domestic demand and export in 2012, 2015 and 2017 in China are measured respectively, and the connection and difference between the two spatial transfer paths are compared and analyzed. The results show that the inter-regional industrial transfer and carbon transfer implied by trade driven by domestic demand and export all showed a spatial pattern from coastal regions to inland regions and from south to north; the inter-provincial industrial transfer and carbon transfer implied by trade driven by domestic demand and export mainly showed a spatial pattern from economically developed coastal provinces to economically less developed inland provinces, from south to north; whether driven by domestic demand or export, industrial transfer and carbon transfer paths are similar but not completely consistent. This study can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the rational transfer of industries and carbon emissions implied by trade.

Abstract:Reclaimed water, serving as a crucial non-conventional water resource, is of great importance in alleviating the structural imbalance between regional water supply and demand, as well as promoting sustainable utilization and optimized allocation of water resources. Against the complex backdrop of escalating global water scarcity, increasing impacts of climate change, and rapid urbanization, advancing the diversified utilization of reclaimed water in a systematic and large-scale manner has become a topic of widespread concern across society and a prominent challenge in the current practice of integrated water resources management and sustainable governance. This paper systematically analyzes the basic connotation and main characteristics of reclaimed water utilization, profoundly explores its utilization status and influencing factors, and summarizes the practical overview and experience of reclaimed water utilization in China and abroad. Based on the practical dilemmas and bottlenecks in the reclaimed water utilization in China, this paper points out that the promotion and utilization of reclaimed water in China still faces multiple challenges, including the need for optimization in the construction and spatial layout of wastewater treatment and reuse facilities, insufficient governmental publicity and guidance, limited public awareness, inadequate maturity of utilization technologies, and an imperfect water pricing mechanism. In response, it is recommended that innovative research and localized applications of reclaimed water be systematically advanced across four dimensions: utilization mode and layout planning, resource allocation and risk prevention and control, water pricing system and market-oriented utilization, as well as incentive policies and guarantee mechanisms, aiming to transition from a “supplementary water source” to a “strategic water source”, thereby providing solid support for water resources security and sustainable development in China.

Abstract:Scientific water resource management policies must account for multiple uncertainties, including natural inflows, socio-economic development, and ecological water demands. However, traditional approaches to water resource management policy formulation often fail to capture the complex dynamic feedback inherent in water systems, thereby reducing the foresight and scientific robustness of policy decisions. Policy simulation technology, as a quantitative tool capable of representing complex system behaviors and conducting scenario analysis, provides a new analytical approach for water resource management policy formulation. Nevertheless, further development is needed in cross-system modeling that couples water resources systems with economic-social systems. This study systematically reviews the development and major methodological approaches of policy simulation technology, including the computable general equilibrium model, system dynamics model, and agent-based model. It further analyzes its applications and limitations in the formulation of water resources management policies, and proposes a theoretical framework for water resources management policy simulation model by coupling professional hydrological models with policy simulation models. It further elaborates the specific application paths of policy simulation technology in the formulation of water resources management policies under the background of national water network construction and the principle of “Water Dominates Development”, providing a basis for developing region-specific and category-based precision control strategies.

Abstract:This paper identifies the stakeholders involved in hydropower development within the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. Using game-theory analysis, it examines the challenges facing the current communication and coordination mechanisms for hydropower development in the basin and proposes measures for improvement. This paper suggests that it is necessary to rely on the existing cooperation mechanism for water resources in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin, to take project cooperation as the core driving force, and to foster synergistic collaboration among the government, enterprises, international organizations, and society. Through various channels and diverse forms, a comprehensive and multi-level communication and coordination mechanism for all stakeholders in the hydropower development in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin should be constructed.

Abstract:To address renewable energy output fluctuations and enhance power system flexibility, a multi-energy complementary system integrating wind power, photovoltaic generation, pumped storage hydropower and electrochemical energy storage is constructed.A month-level development scheduling method for pumped storage is proposed, which incorporates the development, construction and commissioning timing of pumped storage sites into the decision-making framework.By comprehensively considering annual investment limits, power load demand, wind-solar output fluctuations and storage capacity enhancement, a long-term, month-scale capacity allocation model for pumped storage stations is formulated.Results from a typical regional case study demonstrate that the proposed model achieves dynamic and fine-grained allocation of pumped storage capacity across different months, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency and reducing wind and solar curtailment.

Abstract:To improve the construction safety level of water conservancy projects and carry out research on construction safety resilience, this paper proposes a safety resilience evaluation method integrating intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and Bayesian network model. From the three dimensions of absorptive capacity, recovery capacity and adaptive capacity, the influencing factors of construction safety resilience of water conservancy projects are identified. The interpretive structural model is adopted to analyze the hierarchical relationship among resilience influencing factors and construct the topological framework of Bayesian network. The D-S evidence theory is used to transform experts’ intuitive fuzzy linguistic evaluation results into probability parameters of network nodes. The topological framework of Bayesian network is applied to carry out forward reasoning calculation of resilience, the dominant path chain of resilience is analyzed combined with backward reasoning, and the key influencing factors of resilience are identified through sensitivity analysis.Taking the Comprehensive Regulation Project of the Lower Reaches and Tailwaters of the Ganjiang and Fuhe Rivers as a case study, the construction safety resilience is evaluated. The results show that the probability of high safety resilience of the project construction system reaches 71.74%, reflecting an overall good level of construction safety resilience. The dominant resilience path chain is safety organization and management structure-emergency response plan-emergency disposal capacity-resilience, and the safety monitoring system together with emergency response plan serve as the key influencing factors.

Abstract:Targeting the hub project of multi-branched rivers in Ganjiang River estuary, this study conducts researches on technical schemes including dam site selection, ship lock and sluice layout. An evaluation index system containing 14 indicators is established from three dimensions namely economic benefit, ecological protection benefit and social benefit. Representative stakeholders including government construction departments, ecological and environmental protection departments, local communities and construction enterprises are selected. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted to determine subjective weights, and the Shapley value method is used to introduce game theory mechanism for combined weighting. Meanwhile, the entropy weight method is applied to calculate objective weights, and the effects of various subjective and objective weighting methods are compared. Finally, the TOPSIS method is used to optimize all alternative schemes. The research results show that stakeholders have obvious differences in indicator preference. Governments and enterprises pay more attention to economic benefits, environmental protection departments focus on ecological protection benefits, while communities prioritize social benefits. Game based weighting can effectively balance the demands of all parties. Combined with objective weights, the overall weight distribution becomes more balanced, which improves the fairness and objectivity of evaluation results. The comparison results indicate that the discrepancy among schemes mainly depends on the coverage scope of layout units and the convergence degree of external constraints. Layout schemes such as sluice on the south branch, ship lock on the middle branch and dam site on the north branch have close comprehensive scores due to fewer involved indicators and similar indicator values, while distinct differences exist among other schemes.

Abstract:With the increasing emphasis of the state on water conservancy projects, the management model of major water conservancy projects is facing new challenges. Given their huge investment scale, long construction period, and high technical complexity, an effective project management model can ensure project quality, progress, and social benefits. Taking the G River regulation project as a case study, this paper constructs an evaluation index system and objectively assigns weights using the CRITIC method. Secondly, through improved TOPSIS decision-making model, combined with the analysis of the virtual worst solution and grey relational degree, a multi-dimensional evaluation is carried out for eight combination schemes, such as “contract awarding method + owner management method”. The results show that “EPC multi-bid section + whole-process consultation” mode performs better in terms of resource integration efficiency, risk diversification ability, and construction period control. Compared with the traditional“EPC single-bid section + whole-process consultation”mode, it improves the management efficiency, verifying the advantages of the collaboration between multi-bid section contract awarding and whole-process consultation.

Abstract:To promote engineering science and technology innovation, break through the“bottleneck”key technologies, and accelerate the transformation of scientific research achievements into practical applications, China urgently needs to strengthen the collaborative cooperation among innovative entities such as the government, enterprises, universities, and research institutions, and carry out the reform of engineering project organization models.The science and technology general contracting model proposed by the team led by Academician Tang Hongwu provides a new organizational approach to accelerate engineering science and technology innovation.From the perspective of an innovation ecosystem, this paper analyzes and applies this model.It first summarizes the three major characteristics:subject diversity, interest integration, and innovation efficiency, and then reveals the evolutionary logic from school-enterprise cooperation to industry-university-research collaborative innovation and further to an innovation ecosystem, and elaborates on the roles of various innovation entities and the operational mechanisms within the science and technology general contracting innovation ecosystem.The results of the case study on tail reach project of the Ganjiang River show that the science and technology general contracting model can effectively integrate multiple resources, improve innovation efficiency, promote engineering excellence, and achieve a virtuous cycle of engineering technology, scientific research, and talent cultivation, providing a reference for the construction of China’s innovation ecosystem and the transformation of the organizational model for major engineering technological innovation.