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2026,46(2):1-11
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.001
Abstract:
Five water system connectivity schemes were designed to quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the western polder area of Gaochun District in Nanjing. Based on the hydrological, hydrodynamic, and water quality models, the water environmental response characteristics under each scheme were simulated. The results show that connecting river channels (scheme 1) significantly improved the water quality of rivers such as the Caotang Xishan River, with annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the Caotang Xishan River decreasing by 0.65, 0.14, and 1.21 mg/L, respectively, indicating that river channel connection can accelerate pollutant attenuation. Connecting the Chenglonggang River and Guanxi River (scheme 2) reduced annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the Chenglonggang River by 0.84, 0.15, and 0.90 mg/L, respectively. However, it caused a slight decline in the water quality of Gucheng Lake and rivers such as the Hengxi River, indicating that when the self-purification capacity of the water body is exceeded, the channel connection will pollute originally good-quality water bodies. Deepening river channels (scheme 3) and widening river channels (scheme 4) have a weak impact on the water environment. Increasing tributaries (scheme 5) reduced the water volume of the Qiqiao River, leading to increases in annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen by 0.11, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/L, respectively, thereby negatively affecting the water environment of the lake area of Gucheng Lake downstream.
Five water system connectivity schemes were designed to quantitatively evaluate the connectivity of the western polder area of Gaochun District in Nanjing. Based on the hydrological, hydrodynamic, and water quality models, the water environmental response characteristics under each scheme were simulated. The results show that connecting river channels (scheme 1) significantly improved the water quality of rivers such as the Caotang Xishan River, with annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the Caotang Xishan River decreasing by 0.65, 0.14, and 1.21 mg/L, respectively, indicating that river channel connection can accelerate pollutant attenuation. Connecting the Chenglonggang River and Guanxi River (scheme 2) reduced annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the Chenglonggang River by 0.84, 0.15, and 0.90 mg/L, respectively. However, it caused a slight decline in the water quality of Gucheng Lake and rivers such as the Hengxi River, indicating that when the self-purification capacity of the water body is exceeded, the channel connection will pollute originally good-quality water bodies. Deepening river channels (scheme 3) and widening river channels (scheme 4) have a weak impact on the water environment. Increasing tributaries (scheme 5) reduced the water volume of the Qiqiao River, leading to increases in annual average mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen by 0.11, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/L, respectively, thereby negatively affecting the water environment of the lake area of Gucheng Lake downstream.
2026,46(2):12-21
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.002
Abstract:
To investigate the influence laws of the width-to-depth ratio and the radius-to-width ratio on the hydrodynamic characteristics of open-channel bends, this study established a three-dimensional numerical model based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the volume of fluid (VOF) free surface tracking method. Numerical simulations of bend flow under four width-to-depth ratios and four radius-to-width ratios were conducted, with a focus on analyzing hydrodynamic characteristics such as water surface profiles, velocity distribution, secondary flows, and bend separation flows. The results indicate that the flow turbulence characteristics intensify as the width-to-depth ratio or radius-to-width ratio decreases. With the reduction of these ratios, flow redistribution becomes increasingly significant, circulation strength strengthens, and the probability of flow separation in bends increases. For the U-shaped bends with small width-to-depth and radius-to-width ratios simulated in this study, the critical conditions for flow separation are identified as a width-to-depth ratio of 1.5 and a radius-to-width ratio of 1.0.
To investigate the influence laws of the width-to-depth ratio and the radius-to-width ratio on the hydrodynamic characteristics of open-channel bends, this study established a three-dimensional numerical model based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the volume of fluid (VOF) free surface tracking method. Numerical simulations of bend flow under four width-to-depth ratios and four radius-to-width ratios were conducted, with a focus on analyzing hydrodynamic characteristics such as water surface profiles, velocity distribution, secondary flows, and bend separation flows. The results indicate that the flow turbulence characteristics intensify as the width-to-depth ratio or radius-to-width ratio decreases. With the reduction of these ratios, flow redistribution becomes increasingly significant, circulation strength strengthens, and the probability of flow separation in bends increases. For the U-shaped bends with small width-to-depth and radius-to-width ratios simulated in this study, the critical conditions for flow separation are identified as a width-to-depth ratio of 1.5 and a radius-to-width ratio of 1.0.
2026,46(2):22-30
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.003
Abstract:
Aiming at the issue that the strong impact force of tidal bores can cause significant sediment transport and bed deposition, thereby altering regional hydrodynamic characteristics, a small-scale refined numerical flume was constructed based on the OpenFOAM two-phase flow model.The propagation evolution and hydrodynamic characteristics of vortical tidal bores on varying topography were investigated, and the effects of bore height, pre-bore water depth, and topographic height on vortical tidal bores were analyzed.The results show that topographic uplift leads to drastic changes in the velocity and vorticity of the vortical tidal bore, and the bore energy significantly attenuates through vortex breaking and viscous dissipation. Weak vortical tidal bores degenerate into undular bores in shallow water, whereas strong vortical tidal bores maintain high-frequency oscillations due to concentrated energy. An increase in bore height reduces the attenuation of propagation velocity in shallow water and increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the surface water body. An increase in pre-bore water depth weakens the turbulent kinetic energy in shallow water and reduces the bore propagation velocity. An increase in topographic height slows down the propagation velocity of the vortical tidal bore. During propagation in shallow water, the turbulent kinetic energy decay rate of strong vortical tidal bores is significantly higher than that of weak vortical tidal bores. Based on the above numerical simulation results, a modified formula for bore propagation velocity that accounts for topographic uplift is proposed, and its calculated results are in good agreement with the numerical results, validating the accuracy of the formula.
Aiming at the issue that the strong impact force of tidal bores can cause significant sediment transport and bed deposition, thereby altering regional hydrodynamic characteristics, a small-scale refined numerical flume was constructed based on the OpenFOAM two-phase flow model.The propagation evolution and hydrodynamic characteristics of vortical tidal bores on varying topography were investigated, and the effects of bore height, pre-bore water depth, and topographic height on vortical tidal bores were analyzed.The results show that topographic uplift leads to drastic changes in the velocity and vorticity of the vortical tidal bore, and the bore energy significantly attenuates through vortex breaking and viscous dissipation. Weak vortical tidal bores degenerate into undular bores in shallow water, whereas strong vortical tidal bores maintain high-frequency oscillations due to concentrated energy. An increase in bore height reduces the attenuation of propagation velocity in shallow water and increases the turbulent kinetic energy of the surface water body. An increase in pre-bore water depth weakens the turbulent kinetic energy in shallow water and reduces the bore propagation velocity. An increase in topographic height slows down the propagation velocity of the vortical tidal bore. During propagation in shallow water, the turbulent kinetic energy decay rate of strong vortical tidal bores is significantly higher than that of weak vortical tidal bores. Based on the above numerical simulation results, a modified formula for bore propagation velocity that accounts for topographic uplift is proposed, and its calculated results are in good agreement with the numerical results, validating the accuracy of the formula.
2026,46(2):31-37, 45
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.004
Abstract:
Based on the principle that the volume of solid particles carried out of or into the stratum by muddy water equals the change in pore volume, a formula for the variation of porosity (void ratio) with time during the seepage process of muddy water is derived. Based on Darcy’s permeability coefficient formula, the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the initial porosity (initial void ratio) as well as the initial permeability coefficient is established, and a formula for the temporal variation of permeability coefficient during the muddy water seepage process is developed. According to the critical initiation condition for piping, where the seepage drag force acting on free soil particles is balanced by their effective weight, formulas for calculating the critical seepage velocity and critical hydraulic gradient for piping initiation are derived, and a numerical method based on finite element software is proposed to iteratively solve the initiation and evolution process of unsteady seepage piping. The proposed method is validated using a piping failure case in the filter layer of a medium-sized reservoir dam in Shandong Province. The results show that the method can accurately reproduce the evolution of piping failure in the filter layer. The permeability coefficient of the filter layer increases sharply within a short period after particle loss is completed, leading to a rapid increase in hydraulic gradient and triggering a chain failure, eventually resulting in the breakthrough of the clay inclined wall and the formation of a concentrated seepage channel. The calculated piping failure mode agrees well with the measured locations and development patterns of collapse pits in the field.
Based on the principle that the volume of solid particles carried out of or into the stratum by muddy water equals the change in pore volume, a formula for the variation of porosity (void ratio) with time during the seepage process of muddy water is derived. Based on Darcy’s permeability coefficient formula, the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the initial porosity (initial void ratio) as well as the initial permeability coefficient is established, and a formula for the temporal variation of permeability coefficient during the muddy water seepage process is developed. According to the critical initiation condition for piping, where the seepage drag force acting on free soil particles is balanced by their effective weight, formulas for calculating the critical seepage velocity and critical hydraulic gradient for piping initiation are derived, and a numerical method based on finite element software is proposed to iteratively solve the initiation and evolution process of unsteady seepage piping. The proposed method is validated using a piping failure case in the filter layer of a medium-sized reservoir dam in Shandong Province. The results show that the method can accurately reproduce the evolution of piping failure in the filter layer. The permeability coefficient of the filter layer increases sharply within a short period after particle loss is completed, leading to a rapid increase in hydraulic gradient and triggering a chain failure, eventually resulting in the breakthrough of the clay inclined wall and the formation of a concentrated seepage channel. The calculated piping failure mode agrees well with the measured locations and development patterns of collapse pits in the field.
2026,46(2):38-45
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.005
Abstract:
To address the high-dimensional and nonlinear complex optimization problems in the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs, a two-stage multi-objective improved artificial fish swarm-particle swarm optimization (TMIAFS-PSO) algorithm was proposed. This algorithm employs segmented mapping to expand the search space of the initial population, and enhances local and global search capabilities by adjusting the adaptive step size and introducing a diversified movement strategy. Additionally, the algorithm adopts a two-stage filtering strategy to retain particles that meet the constraint conditions and incorporates an improved artificial fish swarm optimization strategy to further expand the particle search range. A case study was conducted on the cascade reservoir group consisting of Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. The results indicate that, compared to other algorithms, the Pareto solution set of the TMIAFS-PSO algorithm exhibits better convergence and uniformity, demonstrating the superiority of this algorithm. By analyzing the water level variations of the operation schemes generated by the TMIAFS-PSO algorithm, a relatively stable optimal operation scheme for this cascade reservoir group is summarized.
To address the high-dimensional and nonlinear complex optimization problems in the optimal operation of cascade reservoirs, a two-stage multi-objective improved artificial fish swarm-particle swarm optimization (TMIAFS-PSO) algorithm was proposed. This algorithm employs segmented mapping to expand the search space of the initial population, and enhances local and global search capabilities by adjusting the adaptive step size and introducing a diversified movement strategy. Additionally, the algorithm adopts a two-stage filtering strategy to retain particles that meet the constraint conditions and incorporates an improved artificial fish swarm optimization strategy to further expand the particle search range. A case study was conducted on the cascade reservoir group consisting of Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, and Xiangjiaba in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. The results indicate that, compared to other algorithms, the Pareto solution set of the TMIAFS-PSO algorithm exhibits better convergence and uniformity, demonstrating the superiority of this algorithm. By analyzing the water level variations of the operation schemes generated by the TMIAFS-PSO algorithm, a relatively stable optimal operation scheme for this cascade reservoir group is summarized.
2026,46(2):46-54, 62
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.006
Abstract:
To address the multi-objective coordination problem of water supply, power generation, and ecological targets in the Huokou-Shanzai cascade reservoir system of the Aojiang River Basin, this study proposed a multi-objective non-inferior solution set optimization method based on the improved NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm. By constructing a decision-making strategy that integrates the two-layer reference point method and the boundary weighting approach, this method achieves the scientific selection of the non-inferior solution set. Based on this method, a multi-objective operation model for the cascade reservoir system in the Aojiang River Basin was established and compared with single-objective operation models. The results indicate that the multi-objective operation model effectively addresses the challenge of exponential growth in reference points under high-dimensional objectives. Compared to single-objective (power generation, water supply, or ecology) operation models, the multi-objective operation model maintains a certain level of power generation while significantly reducing the probability of water supply shortages, eliminating ecological water deficits, and substantially decreasing spillage. The multi-objective operation model effectively balances the risks among power generation, water supply, and ecological goals, demonstrating its comprehensive optimization advantages under complex constraints.
To address the multi-objective coordination problem of water supply, power generation, and ecological targets in the Huokou-Shanzai cascade reservoir system of the Aojiang River Basin, this study proposed a multi-objective non-inferior solution set optimization method based on the improved NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm. By constructing a decision-making strategy that integrates the two-layer reference point method and the boundary weighting approach, this method achieves the scientific selection of the non-inferior solution set. Based on this method, a multi-objective operation model for the cascade reservoir system in the Aojiang River Basin was established and compared with single-objective operation models. The results indicate that the multi-objective operation model effectively addresses the challenge of exponential growth in reference points under high-dimensional objectives. Compared to single-objective (power generation, water supply, or ecology) operation models, the multi-objective operation model maintains a certain level of power generation while significantly reducing the probability of water supply shortages, eliminating ecological water deficits, and substantially decreasing spillage. The multi-objective operation model effectively balances the risks among power generation, water supply, and ecological goals, demonstrating its comprehensive optimization advantages under complex constraints.
2026,46(2):55-62
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.007
Abstract:
To investigate the distribution of spatial active earth pressure on the walls of square shafts, a failure model of the sliding body in surrounding soil under different aspect ratios was established. A formula for calculating the spatial active earth pressure was derived, and the influence of physical and mechanical parameters of the retaining wall and surrounding soil on the spatial active earth pressure was analyzed. The results show that when the aspect ratio of the square shaft wall is small, the sliding body consists of an upper triangular prism and a lower wedge. When the aspect ratio is large, the sliding body is a single wedge with a trapezoidal cross-section. As the aspect ratio increases, the spatial active earth pressure at the same burial depth gradually increases. With the increase of burial depth, the earth pressure gradually transitions from a nonlinear variation to a stable state, approaching the Coulomb’s earth pressure. The critical aspect ratio of the retaining wall increases with the increase of the wall’s aspect ratio and decreases with the increase of the soil’s internal friction angle. When the aspect ratio of the retaining wall is less than 10, the difference between the spatial active earth pressure and Coulomb’s earth pressure is significant. When the aspect ratio exceeds 10, the difference is less than 10%.
To investigate the distribution of spatial active earth pressure on the walls of square shafts, a failure model of the sliding body in surrounding soil under different aspect ratios was established. A formula for calculating the spatial active earth pressure was derived, and the influence of physical and mechanical parameters of the retaining wall and surrounding soil on the spatial active earth pressure was analyzed. The results show that when the aspect ratio of the square shaft wall is small, the sliding body consists of an upper triangular prism and a lower wedge. When the aspect ratio is large, the sliding body is a single wedge with a trapezoidal cross-section. As the aspect ratio increases, the spatial active earth pressure at the same burial depth gradually increases. With the increase of burial depth, the earth pressure gradually transitions from a nonlinear variation to a stable state, approaching the Coulomb’s earth pressure. The critical aspect ratio of the retaining wall increases with the increase of the wall’s aspect ratio and decreases with the increase of the soil’s internal friction angle. When the aspect ratio of the retaining wall is less than 10, the difference between the spatial active earth pressure and Coulomb’s earth pressure is significant. When the aspect ratio exceeds 10, the difference is less than 10%.
2026,46(2):63-70, 75
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.008
Abstract:
To address the problems of outdated management levels and low degree of intelligence in current waterlogged farmland areas, a digital twin-based management platform framework for waterlogged areas is proposed based on an analysis of key business requirements, taking physical waterlogged areas as units and business applications as driving forces. Using BIM+GIS, the Internet of Things (IoT) and UAV oblique photogrammetry, methods for constructing digital and visualized scenarios of waterlogged areas are developed. A three-level geospatial data foundation is established, a platform architecture consisting of sensing device layer, platform support layer, business application layer and user interaction layer is designed, and functional modules including a unified map of the waterlogged area, intelligent flood control and maintenance management are developed. A case study conducted in a waterlogged farmland area of the Sanjiang Plain shows that the proposed digital twin-based management platform realizes functions such as four pre-measures (forecasting, early warning, rehearsing, pre-planning) for flood control, farmland drainage and maintenance management, and improves the scientific and informatization levels of waterlogged area management, validating the rationality of the platform framework design and the feasibility of key technologies. This study provides a reference for the application of digital twin technology in waterlogged area management.
To address the problems of outdated management levels and low degree of intelligence in current waterlogged farmland areas, a digital twin-based management platform framework for waterlogged areas is proposed based on an analysis of key business requirements, taking physical waterlogged areas as units and business applications as driving forces. Using BIM+GIS, the Internet of Things (IoT) and UAV oblique photogrammetry, methods for constructing digital and visualized scenarios of waterlogged areas are developed. A three-level geospatial data foundation is established, a platform architecture consisting of sensing device layer, platform support layer, business application layer and user interaction layer is designed, and functional modules including a unified map of the waterlogged area, intelligent flood control and maintenance management are developed. A case study conducted in a waterlogged farmland area of the Sanjiang Plain shows that the proposed digital twin-based management platform realizes functions such as four pre-measures (forecasting, early warning, rehearsing, pre-planning) for flood control, farmland drainage and maintenance management, and improves the scientific and informatization levels of waterlogged area management, validating the rationality of the platform framework design and the feasibility of key technologies. This study provides a reference for the application of digital twin technology in waterlogged area management.
2026,46(2):71-75
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.009
Abstract:
To address the current problem where a large volume of water withdrawal and usage data is not collected online, leading to large statistical time intervals and untimely detection of data deviations, a real-time water resources metering data acquisition system was developed. The system employs cameras to capture real-time images of the data displayed on water withdrawal and usage meters. Through image processing and recognition, the corresponding water volume data are extracted, enabling online collection of water volume data. Based on the digital image technology, a method for locating the character area of water meters was constructed, and an adaptive template matching algorithm for water meter characters was created, improving the recognition accuracy to 97.5%. The system has been applied to the real-time acquisition of water withdrawal data from a large-scale water user in Shandong Province. A comparison with the user-reported data shows that the system has an automatic verification function, providing support for the refined management of water resources.
To address the current problem where a large volume of water withdrawal and usage data is not collected online, leading to large statistical time intervals and untimely detection of data deviations, a real-time water resources metering data acquisition system was developed. The system employs cameras to capture real-time images of the data displayed on water withdrawal and usage meters. Through image processing and recognition, the corresponding water volume data are extracted, enabling online collection of water volume data. Based on the digital image technology, a method for locating the character area of water meters was constructed, and an adaptive template matching algorithm for water meter characters was created, improving the recognition accuracy to 97.5%. The system has been applied to the real-time acquisition of water withdrawal data from a large-scale water user in Shandong Province. A comparison with the user-reported data shows that the system has an automatic verification function, providing support for the refined management of water resources.
2026,46(2):76-83
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.010
Abstract:
Based on the risk removal and reinforcement project of the clay core wall dam of the Chetianjiang Reservoir, a numerical model of pulsating grouting for clay core wall dam was established using the basic theory of fluid-solid coupling. The influence of pulsating grouting parameters such as pulsating grouting pressure, grouting time and grouting frequency on the stress and strain of clay core wall dam under the impounding condition was simulated and analyzed, and compared with the results of field grouting test. The results show that the stress and displacement of the dam increase with the increase of pulsating grouting pressure, grouting time and grouting duration, and decrease with the extension of grouting interval. When the pulsating grouting pressure ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, most of the dam body is under pressure and the force is relatively uniform. Affected by the upstream water pressure, the horizontal displacement of the upstream dam is smaller than that of the downstream dam. When the pulsating grouting pressure ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, the grouting time ranges from 1 200 to 1 800 s, the grouting duration ranges from 7 to 9 s, and the grouting interval ranges from 3 to 5 s, it is beneficial to improve the deformation control of the dam body by the pulsating grouting under the impounding condition, so as to effectively improve the stability of the dam body during the pulsating grouting process.
Based on the risk removal and reinforcement project of the clay core wall dam of the Chetianjiang Reservoir, a numerical model of pulsating grouting for clay core wall dam was established using the basic theory of fluid-solid coupling. The influence of pulsating grouting parameters such as pulsating grouting pressure, grouting time and grouting frequency on the stress and strain of clay core wall dam under the impounding condition was simulated and analyzed, and compared with the results of field grouting test. The results show that the stress and displacement of the dam increase with the increase of pulsating grouting pressure, grouting time and grouting duration, and decrease with the extension of grouting interval. When the pulsating grouting pressure ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, most of the dam body is under pressure and the force is relatively uniform. Affected by the upstream water pressure, the horizontal displacement of the upstream dam is smaller than that of the downstream dam. When the pulsating grouting pressure ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, the grouting time ranges from 1 200 to 1 800 s, the grouting duration ranges from 7 to 9 s, and the grouting interval ranges from 3 to 5 s, it is beneficial to improve the deformation control of the dam body by the pulsating grouting under the impounding condition, so as to effectively improve the stability of the dam body during the pulsating grouting process.
2026,46(2):84-90
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.011
Abstract:
Conventional air valve models usually fix the air pocket at the air valve node and neglect boundary movement caused by pocket volume variation during air intake and discharge, which may lead to pressure calculation errors at adjacent nodes. To overcome this limitation, an improved air valve model, namely the spreading air valve model, is proposed. This model updates the air-pocket boundary position in real time according to the variation in air-pocket volume, so that the motion of the water-air interface is more consistent with the actual physical process. By coupling the gas state equation with the fluid governing equations, the dynamic and simultaneous solution of air-pocket pressure, volume and mass is realized. Validation results from a pressurized water pipeline project show that the spreading air valve model can effectively simulate the hydraulic transient process, reasonably predict water column separation and water hammer pressure variation, and significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of water hammer protection design for pipeline systems.
Conventional air valve models usually fix the air pocket at the air valve node and neglect boundary movement caused by pocket volume variation during air intake and discharge, which may lead to pressure calculation errors at adjacent nodes. To overcome this limitation, an improved air valve model, namely the spreading air valve model, is proposed. This model updates the air-pocket boundary position in real time according to the variation in air-pocket volume, so that the motion of the water-air interface is more consistent with the actual physical process. By coupling the gas state equation with the fluid governing equations, the dynamic and simultaneous solution of air-pocket pressure, volume and mass is realized. Validation results from a pressurized water pipeline project show that the spreading air valve model can effectively simulate the hydraulic transient process, reasonably predict water column separation and water hammer pressure variation, and significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of water hammer protection design for pipeline systems.
2026,46(2):91-96
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.012
Abstract:
In order to accurately determine the effective pore size of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles, the wet sieving method and the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology were used to carry out experimental research. The relationship curves between the cumulative percentage and the pore size were drawn, and the effective pore size value of nonwoven geotextiles was obtained and compared. The reliability of the low-field NMR measurement results was verified by combining the NMR imaging technology and Python programming pixel recognition method. The results show that the low-field NMR measurement technology with hydrogen atom as probe can accurately determine the effective pore size of nonwoven geotextiles. The combination of the NMR imaging technology and Python programming pixel recognition method can verify the accuracy of the low-field NMR technology in determining the effective pore size of nonwoven geotextiles. The low-field NMR measurement technology can avoid the shortcomings of the wet sieving method and improve the accuracy of the effective pore size measurement results.
In order to accurately determine the effective pore size of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles, the wet sieving method and the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology were used to carry out experimental research. The relationship curves between the cumulative percentage and the pore size were drawn, and the effective pore size value of nonwoven geotextiles was obtained and compared. The reliability of the low-field NMR measurement results was verified by combining the NMR imaging technology and Python programming pixel recognition method. The results show that the low-field NMR measurement technology with hydrogen atom as probe can accurately determine the effective pore size of nonwoven geotextiles. The combination of the NMR imaging technology and Python programming pixel recognition method can verify the accuracy of the low-field NMR technology in determining the effective pore size of nonwoven geotextiles. The low-field NMR measurement technology can avoid the shortcomings of the wet sieving method and improve the accuracy of the effective pore size measurement results.
2026,46(2):97-105
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.013
Abstract:
To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the fluoride water environmental capacity in the main channels of the lower Ganjiang River network, the T-Copula function was introduced to construct an uncertainty water environmental capacity calculation framework based on the flow rate-water quality joint probability density distribution. Taking fluoride as the target pollutant, the distribution characteristics of the fluoride water environmental capacity in the main channels of the lower Ganjiang River network during different periods in 2024 were analyzed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the modified one-variable-at-a-time (OAT) method. The results indicate that all main channels possess a certain water environmental capacity throughout the year, although some channels face a potential risk of exceeding this capacity. The highest and lowest expected values of water environmental capacity were observed in the mainstream section of the lower Ganjiang River network and the northern branch’s fishery water use zone, respectively. The expected values of the water environmental capacity in the river network during different periods exhibit a certain fluctuating pattern. The seasonal variation in river flow is identified as the key driving factor causing the dynamic changes in the fluoride water environmental capacity in the lower river network.
To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the fluoride water environmental capacity in the main channels of the lower Ganjiang River network, the T-Copula function was introduced to construct an uncertainty water environmental capacity calculation framework based on the flow rate-water quality joint probability density distribution. Taking fluoride as the target pollutant, the distribution characteristics of the fluoride water environmental capacity in the main channels of the lower Ganjiang River network during different periods in 2024 were analyzed, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the modified one-variable-at-a-time (OAT) method. The results indicate that all main channels possess a certain water environmental capacity throughout the year, although some channels face a potential risk of exceeding this capacity. The highest and lowest expected values of water environmental capacity were observed in the mainstream section of the lower Ganjiang River network and the northern branch’s fishery water use zone, respectively. The expected values of the water environmental capacity in the river network during different periods exhibit a certain fluctuating pattern. The seasonal variation in river flow is identified as the key driving factor causing the dynamic changes in the fluoride water environmental capacity in the lower river network.
2026,46(2):106-113
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2026.02.014
Abstract:
To evaluate the disturbance caused by the tail reach project of the Ganjiang River on the river’s aquatic ecosystem, a two-year monitoring program was conducted on benthic macroinvertebrates within the main stem and its four downstream branches (the Main, North, Middle, and South branches). A total of 32 species belonging to 23 genera across 3 phyla were recorded. The ecological status was assessed using the benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI). The results indicated that the benthic community in the tail reach of the Ganjiang River was dominated by filter-feeding and pollution-tolerant mollusks. In terms of spatial distribution, the Main Branch and the slow-flowing areas upstream of the dam exhibited stable community structures and higher biodiversity. Conversely, the community compositions of the Middle, North, and South branches were relatively simple, characterized by lower biotic integrity. After the operation of the project, the Main Branch maintained the highest biotic integrity, demonstrating robust resistance to disturbance. Monitoring sites in the main stem, as well as the North and South branches, reached undisturbed or slightly disturbed status according to the B-IBI. However, the Middle Branch experienced significant shifts in community structure, indicating that its aquatic ecosystem was heavily disturbed by the project.
To evaluate the disturbance caused by the tail reach project of the Ganjiang River on the river’s aquatic ecosystem, a two-year monitoring program was conducted on benthic macroinvertebrates within the main stem and its four downstream branches (the Main, North, Middle, and South branches). A total of 32 species belonging to 23 genera across 3 phyla were recorded. The ecological status was assessed using the benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI). The results indicated that the benthic community in the tail reach of the Ganjiang River was dominated by filter-feeding and pollution-tolerant mollusks. In terms of spatial distribution, the Main Branch and the slow-flowing areas upstream of the dam exhibited stable community structures and higher biodiversity. Conversely, the community compositions of the Middle, North, and South branches were relatively simple, characterized by lower biotic integrity. After the operation of the project, the Main Branch maintained the highest biotic integrity, demonstrating robust resistance to disturbance. Monitoring sites in the main stem, as well as the North and South branches, reached undisturbed or slightly disturbed status according to the B-IBI. However, the Middle Branch experienced significant shifts in community structure, indicating that its aquatic ecosystem was heavily disturbed by the project.
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Abstract:
In order to study the effect of water diversion project operation on the hydrodynamics and water temperature structure of the Hedi reservoir , a three-dimensional hydrodynamic water-temperature coupling model was established based on MIKE3, and the changes of hydrodynamic, water temperature structure and stability of Hedi Reservoir under different scenarios were analyzed by combining the relative water column stability(RWCS). The results show that the high-flow diversion and drainage after the operation of the water diversion project significantly enhance the original hydrodynamic conditions of Hedi Reservoir, and the low operating water level is the most affected by the water diversion due to the small flow in dry years. The hydrodynamic enhancement caused by the inflow of external water will intensify the mixing between water bodies, resulting in a uniform vertical water temperature distribution, and the greater the increase in hydrodynamic force, the greater the damage to the water temperature structure. The change of water temperature structure will cause the change of water intake water temperature, which will have an impact on the irrigation area and downstream ecology. The operation of water diversion project will reduce the stability of thermal stratification of Hedi Reservoir, which will help weaken the water quality stratification formed by water temperature and thermal stratification in summer and autumn.
In order to study the effect of water diversion project operation on the hydrodynamics and water temperature structure of the Hedi reservoir , a three-dimensional hydrodynamic water-temperature coupling model was established based on MIKE3, and the changes of hydrodynamic, water temperature structure and stability of Hedi Reservoir under different scenarios were analyzed by combining the relative water column stability(RWCS). The results show that the high-flow diversion and drainage after the operation of the water diversion project significantly enhance the original hydrodynamic conditions of Hedi Reservoir, and the low operating water level is the most affected by the water diversion due to the small flow in dry years. The hydrodynamic enhancement caused by the inflow of external water will intensify the mixing between water bodies, resulting in a uniform vertical water temperature distribution, and the greater the increase in hydrodynamic force, the greater the damage to the water temperature structure. The change of water temperature structure will cause the change of water intake water temperature, which will have an impact on the irrigation area and downstream ecology. The operation of water diversion project will reduce the stability of thermal stratification of Hedi Reservoir, which will help weaken the water quality stratification formed by water temperature and thermal stratification in summer and autumn.
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2019,39(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.01.001
Abstract:
Since flood is formed by storm, flood forecasting is the continuity of precipitation prediction. In recent 30 years, numerical weather prediction has made great advance, but the attempt to apply watershed hydrological model in flood forecasting is slow. The reasons for the different accuracies between numerical weather prediction and flood forecasting are investigated. Successful experience of numerical weather prediction and the problems of watershed hydrological model in the application of flood forecasting are discussed by means of comparison of the weather model and the watershed hydrological model. Problems discussed are the prediction methods and the forecasting time, the initial fields and the boundary value fields, data assimilation and data fusion. It is expected that great inspirations to flood forecasting can be obtained from the successful experience of numerical weather prediction. In the near future, seamless connection can be realized between weather prediction and flood forecasting, and as a result, the accuracy of flood forecasting can thus be improved and the forecasting time can be extended.
Since flood is formed by storm, flood forecasting is the continuity of precipitation prediction. In recent 30 years, numerical weather prediction has made great advance, but the attempt to apply watershed hydrological model in flood forecasting is slow. The reasons for the different accuracies between numerical weather prediction and flood forecasting are investigated. Successful experience of numerical weather prediction and the problems of watershed hydrological model in the application of flood forecasting are discussed by means of comparison of the weather model and the watershed hydrological model. Problems discussed are the prediction methods and the forecasting time, the initial fields and the boundary value fields, data assimilation and data fusion. It is expected that great inspirations to flood forecasting can be obtained from the successful experience of numerical weather prediction. In the near future, seamless connection can be realized between weather prediction and flood forecasting, and as a result, the accuracy of flood forecasting can thus be improved and the forecasting time can be extended.
2020,40(1):1-9, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2020.01.001
Abstract:
In order to reasonably synthesize the carrying capacity of regional water resources by the four elements of water quantity, water quality, water space and stream flow, a water resources carrying capacity evaluation model based on the four elements and a risk matrix(QQSS-RM)was proposed. Firstly, 48 preliminary evaluation indicators under the subsystem of quantity-quality-space-stream were constructed and the weight of each evaluation index in the four elements was calculated by expert consultation information method and genetic analytic hierarchy process. Through screening and analysis, 8 comprehensive evaluation indexes were obtained to construct the evaluation index system for the regional water resources carrying capacity. Secondly, 4 evaluation grade criteria of 8 comprehensive evaluation indexes were obtained by referring to relevant literature and expert opinions. Finally, an evaluation model of water resources carrying capacity based on QQSS-RM was constructed, which was applied to three third grade zones of water resources in the Xiliao River Basin. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity evaluation level of Xilamulun River and Laoha River, Wulijimulun River and the downstream of Xiliao River are overloaded, critical overloaded and overloaded respectively, showing a poor water resources carrying capacity of the Xiliao River Basin. The evaluation results are basically consistent with the current status of the Xiliao River Basin, indicating that the QQSS-RM model has better application value in regional water resources carrying capacity evaluation.
In order to reasonably synthesize the carrying capacity of regional water resources by the four elements of water quantity, water quality, water space and stream flow, a water resources carrying capacity evaluation model based on the four elements and a risk matrix(QQSS-RM)was proposed. Firstly, 48 preliminary evaluation indicators under the subsystem of quantity-quality-space-stream were constructed and the weight of each evaluation index in the four elements was calculated by expert consultation information method and genetic analytic hierarchy process. Through screening and analysis, 8 comprehensive evaluation indexes were obtained to construct the evaluation index system for the regional water resources carrying capacity. Secondly, 4 evaluation grade criteria of 8 comprehensive evaluation indexes were obtained by referring to relevant literature and expert opinions. Finally, an evaluation model of water resources carrying capacity based on QQSS-RM was constructed, which was applied to three third grade zones of water resources in the Xiliao River Basin. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity evaluation level of Xilamulun River and Laoha River, Wulijimulun River and the downstream of Xiliao River are overloaded, critical overloaded and overloaded respectively, showing a poor water resources carrying capacity of the Xiliao River Basin. The evaluation results are basically consistent with the current status of the Xiliao River Basin, indicating that the QQSS-RM model has better application value in regional water resources carrying capacity evaluation.
2020,40(2):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2020.02.001
Abstract:
Problems exist in the construction and management of ecological irrigation districts, such as low efficiency in industry and resources, irrigation water deterioration and decreased ecological diversity. Based on the theoretical guidance of the rural revitalization strategy and its 20 words general requirements, construction and management of ecological irrigation districts under the guidance of the rural revitalization strategy were discussed. Three red lines for the construction and management of irrigation districts were proposed, including the baseline of agricultural quality and production, the baseline of ecological environment and the upper limit of resources development and utilization. The ecological irrigation districts should develop in the direction of effective supply of food production and other products, perfection in ecological environmental landscape, protection and high-efficiency utilization of resources. This paper provides scientific references of sustainable and green development for ecological irrigation districts.
Problems exist in the construction and management of ecological irrigation districts, such as low efficiency in industry and resources, irrigation water deterioration and decreased ecological diversity. Based on the theoretical guidance of the rural revitalization strategy and its 20 words general requirements, construction and management of ecological irrigation districts under the guidance of the rural revitalization strategy were discussed. Three red lines for the construction and management of irrigation districts were proposed, including the baseline of agricultural quality and production, the baseline of ecological environment and the upper limit of resources development and utilization. The ecological irrigation districts should develop in the direction of effective supply of food production and other products, perfection in ecological environmental landscape, protection and high-efficiency utilization of resources. This paper provides scientific references of sustainable and green development for ecological irrigation districts.
2020,40(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2020.03.001
Abstract:
Spring ecological water requirement for the fishes in the Yellow River Estuary should meet the needs of the habitat and spawning ground of freshwater fishes, channel of migratory fishes, and spawning ground of offshore migratory fishes. According to the living habit of fishes, the time of runoff propagation, the mixing time of fresh water and salt water, and the discharge feature since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, key attention should be paid to the water requirement from March to May. A minimum ecological flow discharge of 240 m3/s is needed according to the living habit of fishes and the continuity of the migration channel. A flow discharge pulse with a peak of 890 m3/s, lasting for 8d in the middle stage of April is also needed considering the pulse characteristics in nature period. In this condition, the runoff in spring is 21. 6×108 m3, satisfying the requirement of 21×108 m3 for the low salt spawning condition of offshore migratory fishes. The mean annual spring runoff is 21×108 m3 since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. It is of great feasibility to satisfy the fish ecological water requirement by optimizing the annual or the interannual operation modes.
Spring ecological water requirement for the fishes in the Yellow River Estuary should meet the needs of the habitat and spawning ground of freshwater fishes, channel of migratory fishes, and spawning ground of offshore migratory fishes. According to the living habit of fishes, the time of runoff propagation, the mixing time of fresh water and salt water, and the discharge feature since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, key attention should be paid to the water requirement from March to May. A minimum ecological flow discharge of 240 m3/s is needed according to the living habit of fishes and the continuity of the migration channel. A flow discharge pulse with a peak of 890 m3/s, lasting for 8d in the middle stage of April is also needed considering the pulse characteristics in nature period. In this condition, the runoff in spring is 21. 6×108 m3, satisfying the requirement of 21×108 m3 for the low salt spawning condition of offshore migratory fishes. The mean annual spring runoff is 21×108 m3 since the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. It is of great feasibility to satisfy the fish ecological water requirement by optimizing the annual or the interannual operation modes.
2015,35(4):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2015.04.001
Abstract:
Through the analysis of parameters and structure, it was found that the description of storm water management model(SWMM) on the process of rainfall-runoff formation in urban areas is consistent with urban runoff yield and concentration rule. The physical concept of SWMM is clear because the runoff yield analytical methods are based on hydrology, and concentration analytical methods are based on hydraulics. The parameters of SWMM almost have geometric or physical meanings, but there are some complementary(or dependency) relationships among some parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the influence of the equifinality for different parameters on parameter calibration. The composition of the process of rainfall-runoff formation in catchment area exit using the method of simultaneous summation shows that the interference between stormflows from different areas is neglected.
Through the analysis of parameters and structure, it was found that the description of storm water management model(SWMM) on the process of rainfall-runoff formation in urban areas is consistent with urban runoff yield and concentration rule. The physical concept of SWMM is clear because the runoff yield analytical methods are based on hydrology, and concentration analytical methods are based on hydraulics. The parameters of SWMM almost have geometric or physical meanings, but there are some complementary(or dependency) relationships among some parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the influence of the equifinality for different parameters on parameter calibration. The composition of the process of rainfall-runoff formation in catchment area exit using the method of simultaneous summation shows that the interference between stormflows from different areas is neglected.
2019,39(3):18-23, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.03.004
Abstract:
In order to comprehensively understand the current status of global hydropower development, to analyze the development potential of hydropower markets in various countries, and to guide hydropower enterprises to explore the international market, the world is divided into six regions, including North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Central and South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Rim. The current status of hydropower development in various regions of the world, as well as the corresponding status and development goals in key countries are elaborated. Based on the water resources and the development situation, the exploring potential of the global hydropower market is analyzed. The results show that the total installed capacity of hydropower in the world continues to increase but the annual increment shows a downward trend. The hydropower development potential in Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia is relatively large. In terms of technology development, the countries such as Indonesia, Peru, DR Congo, Tajikistan, Nepal, Angola, Myanmar and Bolivia, etc. , have broad prospects for future hydropower markets.
In order to comprehensively understand the current status of global hydropower development, to analyze the development potential of hydropower markets in various countries, and to guide hydropower enterprises to explore the international market, the world is divided into six regions, including North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Central and South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Rim. The current status of hydropower development in various regions of the world, as well as the corresponding status and development goals in key countries are elaborated. Based on the water resources and the development situation, the exploring potential of the global hydropower market is analyzed. The results show that the total installed capacity of hydropower in the world continues to increase but the annual increment shows a downward trend. The hydropower development potential in Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia is relatively large. In terms of technology development, the countries such as Indonesia, Peru, DR Congo, Tajikistan, Nepal, Angola, Myanmar and Bolivia, etc. , have broad prospects for future hydropower markets.
2019,39(4):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.04.001
Abstract:
To examine the damage causes of warping dams and their impacts on sediment delivery into the Yellow River, the characteristics of the rainstorm process at August 17 and the inflow of water-sediment into the Yellow River were obtained based on the field investigation results of 19 warping dam breaches and the data of hydrological stations and rainfall stations in Xiliugou and Hantaichuan watersheds. According to the structure and operation characteristics of the warping dams, combined with the detailed investigation of the flood-induced damage situation, especially the erosion form at the break sites, the causes of flood-induced damage were analyzed from the aspects of rainfall, planning, design, construction and operation management of the warping dams. The break modes and sand-blocking effects of the warping dams were qualitatively presented. Suggestions are proposed, including optimizing dam-system layout and construction standard, improving the structure of drainage structures, strengthening construction quality management, and paying attention to non-engineering measures such as early warning and prediction.
To examine the damage causes of warping dams and their impacts on sediment delivery into the Yellow River, the characteristics of the rainstorm process at August 17 and the inflow of water-sediment into the Yellow River were obtained based on the field investigation results of 19 warping dam breaches and the data of hydrological stations and rainfall stations in Xiliugou and Hantaichuan watersheds. According to the structure and operation characteristics of the warping dams, combined with the detailed investigation of the flood-induced damage situation, especially the erosion form at the break sites, the causes of flood-induced damage were analyzed from the aspects of rainfall, planning, design, construction and operation management of the warping dams. The break modes and sand-blocking effects of the warping dams were qualitatively presented. Suggestions are proposed, including optimizing dam-system layout and construction standard, improving the structure of drainage structures, strengthening construction quality management, and paying attention to non-engineering measures such as early warning and prediction.
2019,39(2):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.02.001
Abstract:
To cope with the new challenges of environmental flow research under hydrology, climate and ecosystem changes, research results from both China and abroad have been summarized. Five aspects of shortcomings in the current environmental flow research are pointed out, which also belong to frontier problems and challenges, including(1)Global environmental change and instability; (2)Dynamic simulation of eco-hydrological process in which the transition of hydrological regime from static evaluation to dynamic characteristic evaluation is the key; (3)Characteristics of eco-hydrological relationship in which the coupling research of ecosystem state, process variables and species characteristics, and the research of ecological characteristics, spatial and temporal scales of environmental flows are the key points; (4)Key indicators in environmental flow evaluation; (5)Ecology extension of environmental flow forecasting. To solve these problems, research directions of environmental flows in the background of the Anthropocene are proposed. Dynamic adaptive management of ecological objectives and basic research of ecology from local to reginal areas should be strengthened. Mechanisms of eco-hydrological response based on process should be completed and phased implementation of non-hydrological indicator coupling should be intensified. Evaluation and application of environmental flows under adaptive management should be strengthened to guarantee ecological integrity.
To cope with the new challenges of environmental flow research under hydrology, climate and ecosystem changes, research results from both China and abroad have been summarized. Five aspects of shortcomings in the current environmental flow research are pointed out, which also belong to frontier problems and challenges, including(1)Global environmental change and instability; (2)Dynamic simulation of eco-hydrological process in which the transition of hydrological regime from static evaluation to dynamic characteristic evaluation is the key; (3)Characteristics of eco-hydrological relationship in which the coupling research of ecosystem state, process variables and species characteristics, and the research of ecological characteristics, spatial and temporal scales of environmental flows are the key points; (4)Key indicators in environmental flow evaluation; (5)Ecology extension of environmental flow forecasting. To solve these problems, research directions of environmental flows in the background of the Anthropocene are proposed. Dynamic adaptive management of ecological objectives and basic research of ecology from local to reginal areas should be strengthened. Mechanisms of eco-hydrological response based on process should be completed and phased implementation of non-hydrological indicator coupling should be intensified. Evaluation and application of environmental flows under adaptive management should be strengthened to guarantee ecological integrity.
2019,39(3):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.03.001
Abstract:
The reservoirs(Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Zipingpu, Pubugou, and Tingzikou)in the upper Yangtze River were considered as the object of study. A nonlinear safety degree strategy for the joint flood control system of the multi-reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River was proposed, based on which a flood storage capacity optimization distribution model for multi-reservoirs was constructed and an in-depth discussion for the flood control effect of the nonlinear safety degree strategy was conducted. The results show that compared with linear safety degree strategy of multi-reservoirs, the flood control capacity of Xiluodu reservoir can be less consumed by increasing the usage of the flood control capacity in other reservoirs by the nonlinear strategy in the condition that the flood control effect of the downstream is not deteriorated. The application of the nonlinear safety degree strategy can relatively balance the flood storage capacity allocation of the reservoirs, make the reservoirs share the flood risk of the flood control areas, give full play to the flood control benefits of the reservoirs, and ensure the stable and safe operation of the multi-reservoir system.
The reservoirs(Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Zipingpu, Pubugou, and Tingzikou)in the upper Yangtze River were considered as the object of study. A nonlinear safety degree strategy for the joint flood control system of the multi-reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River was proposed, based on which a flood storage capacity optimization distribution model for multi-reservoirs was constructed and an in-depth discussion for the flood control effect of the nonlinear safety degree strategy was conducted. The results show that compared with linear safety degree strategy of multi-reservoirs, the flood control capacity of Xiluodu reservoir can be less consumed by increasing the usage of the flood control capacity in other reservoirs by the nonlinear strategy in the condition that the flood control effect of the downstream is not deteriorated. The application of the nonlinear safety degree strategy can relatively balance the flood storage capacity allocation of the reservoirs, make the reservoirs share the flood risk of the flood control areas, give full play to the flood control benefits of the reservoirs, and ensure the stable and safe operation of the multi-reservoir system.
2020,40(1):17-24, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2020.01.003
Abstract:
The geological disaster chain related to landslide dams has caused a lot of economic losses and casualties to China every year. Based on data statistics, the triggering factors and distribution rules of landslide dams in China in the past 10 years were analyzed. The results show that, there has been more than 100 recorded landslide dams in China. Earthquakes and heavy rainfalls are the main trigger factors, since they account for more than 90% of the total statistics. In terms of geographical distribution, Southwestern China is the heavy disaster-area of hazards related to landslide dams, and the landslide dam number accounts for more than 80% of the total statistics. The number of landslide dams in Sichuan Province is far more than that of other provinces, as it has suffered from the Wenchuan earthquake and the Lushan earthquake. Taiwan Province ranks the second, since there are 11 landslide dams recorded in the past 10 years due to the impact of typhoons yearly, accounting for 10. 2% of the total, followed by Yunnan, Chongqing and other provinces. In terms of temporal distribution, the number of landslide dams is basically fluctuating within the normal range except for the year 2008.
The geological disaster chain related to landslide dams has caused a lot of economic losses and casualties to China every year. Based on data statistics, the triggering factors and distribution rules of landslide dams in China in the past 10 years were analyzed. The results show that, there has been more than 100 recorded landslide dams in China. Earthquakes and heavy rainfalls are the main trigger factors, since they account for more than 90% of the total statistics. In terms of geographical distribution, Southwestern China is the heavy disaster-area of hazards related to landslide dams, and the landslide dam number accounts for more than 80% of the total statistics. The number of landslide dams in Sichuan Province is far more than that of other provinces, as it has suffered from the Wenchuan earthquake and the Lushan earthquake. Taiwan Province ranks the second, since there are 11 landslide dams recorded in the past 10 years due to the impact of typhoons yearly, accounting for 10. 2% of the total, followed by Yunnan, Chongqing and other provinces. In terms of temporal distribution, the number of landslide dams is basically fluctuating within the normal range except for the year 2008.
2021,41(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2021.02.001
Abstract:
An improved corridor constraint and IPSO-DPSA algorithm were proposed to solve the problem of morphological distortion of the dispatching line in the reservoir operation optimization process. Based on the hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization and dynamic programming successive approximation, this method optimizes the evolution process by introducing improved corridor constraints, special individual evolution mode, external elite set strategy, making the solution set as close as possible to the Pareto-optimal front of the multi-objective problem. The case study of the multi-objective optimization problem of the scheduling graph of the Chitan Reservoir shows that the algorithm can effectively control the morphological distortion of the dispatching line in the optimization process, and has good optimization performance.
An improved corridor constraint and IPSO-DPSA algorithm were proposed to solve the problem of morphological distortion of the dispatching line in the reservoir operation optimization process. Based on the hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization and dynamic programming successive approximation, this method optimizes the evolution process by introducing improved corridor constraints, special individual evolution mode, external elite set strategy, making the solution set as close as possible to the Pareto-optimal front of the multi-objective problem. The case study of the multi-objective optimization problem of the scheduling graph of the Chitan Reservoir shows that the algorithm can effectively control the morphological distortion of the dispatching line in the optimization process, and has good optimization performance.
2017,37(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2017.04.001
Abstract:
The hydrological principle of the structure and parameters of watershed hydrological models, the physical coupling relationship between the structure and parameters, and the essential difference between lumped and distributed watershed hydrological models were investigated. The characteristics of the solution methods for these two models, and the reasons causing the phenomenon of equifinality for different parameters during the calibration of the watershed hydrological models, as well as methods to alleviate the effects of this phenomenon, are discussed. A method for verification and comparison of the watershed hydrological models is proposed.
The hydrological principle of the structure and parameters of watershed hydrological models, the physical coupling relationship between the structure and parameters, and the essential difference between lumped and distributed watershed hydrological models were investigated. The characteristics of the solution methods for these two models, and the reasons causing the phenomenon of equifinality for different parameters during the calibration of the watershed hydrological models, as well as methods to alleviate the effects of this phenomenon, are discussed. A method for verification and comparison of the watershed hydrological models is proposed.
2019,39(3):6-10, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.03.002
Abstract:
Aiming at the complex problems of water resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, an overall regulation and control idea based on the theory of virtuous circulation of water resources is proposed, which includes the smooth circulation of natural water resources and the cooperative equilibrium of social water resources circulation. Coping strategies are put forward in five aspects, including nature-enriched water regulation, combination of concentrated and sporadic sewage treatment, unified regulation, water consumption management, and synergetic utilization of water market. The present study is aimed at achieving virtuous circulation to support sustainable utilization of water resources and green development.
Aiming at the complex problems of water resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, an overall regulation and control idea based on the theory of virtuous circulation of water resources is proposed, which includes the smooth circulation of natural water resources and the cooperative equilibrium of social water resources circulation. Coping strategies are put forward in five aspects, including nature-enriched water regulation, combination of concentrated and sporadic sewage treatment, unified regulation, water consumption management, and synergetic utilization of water market. The present study is aimed at achieving virtuous circulation to support sustainable utilization of water resources and green development.
2019,39(1):7-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2019.01.002
Abstract:
The goal of water governance is specified from five dimensions, including resources, economy, sociality, ecology and environment. The evaluation index system of the water governance in China is systematically designed. The current situation of water governance is comprehensively evaluated and the variation trend of China's water governance in 2020-2050 is forecasted using the hierarchical equal weight method and the target consistency method. The results show that the index of water governance has been increased quickly from below 0. 235 to near 0. 70 since the reform and opening-up. The acceleration period of water governance is from 2010 to 2015, in which the water governance index has increased about 50%. It is expected that the water governance index will exceed 0. 85 by 2020, and the harmonization between economic development and water resources utilization will be realized. The index of water governance will reach 0. 95 by 2030, and the harmonization between economic development and water pollution will be realized. The capacity of water safety support can be significantly improved and the water governance targets can be realized basically. The index of water governance will reach the optimum value of 1 by 2050, and the water resources utilization, water pollution discharge, water disaster loss and water ecology degradation area will be zero growth, fully achieving the harmony between human and water.
The goal of water governance is specified from five dimensions, including resources, economy, sociality, ecology and environment. The evaluation index system of the water governance in China is systematically designed. The current situation of water governance is comprehensively evaluated and the variation trend of China's water governance in 2020-2050 is forecasted using the hierarchical equal weight method and the target consistency method. The results show that the index of water governance has been increased quickly from below 0. 235 to near 0. 70 since the reform and opening-up. The acceleration period of water governance is from 2010 to 2015, in which the water governance index has increased about 50%. It is expected that the water governance index will exceed 0. 85 by 2020, and the harmonization between economic development and water resources utilization will be realized. The index of water governance will reach 0. 95 by 2030, and the harmonization between economic development and water pollution will be realized. The capacity of water safety support can be significantly improved and the water governance targets can be realized basically. The index of water governance will reach the optimum value of 1 by 2050, and the water resources utilization, water pollution discharge, water disaster loss and water ecology degradation area will be zero growth, fully achieving the harmony between human and water.
2017,37(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2017.03.001
Abstract:
The development process of research on the water resources carrying capacity in China is systematically summarized, and it can be divided into five stages: the creation of conception, the preliminary study, the gradual improvement, the difficult development, and the innovation era. On the basis of comparison of research methods, the calculation methods of water resources carrying capacity can be divided into three categories: the empirical formula method, comprehensive evaluation method, and system analysis method. The control objective inversion model(COIM)based on simulation and optimization and its applications are introduced. It is pointed out that research on the water resources carrying capacity in the future focuses on: using the empirical formula method to calculate the national water resources carrying capacity and system analysis method for detailed calculation; constructing the calculation model of water resources carrying capacity and forewarning system platform; studying the dynamic carrying capacity of water resources under the changing environment; and considering the current achievements of water resources regulation and the balance development of water resources and economic society.
The development process of research on the water resources carrying capacity in China is systematically summarized, and it can be divided into five stages: the creation of conception, the preliminary study, the gradual improvement, the difficult development, and the innovation era. On the basis of comparison of research methods, the calculation methods of water resources carrying capacity can be divided into three categories: the empirical formula method, comprehensive evaluation method, and system analysis method. The control objective inversion model(COIM)based on simulation and optimization and its applications are introduced. It is pointed out that research on the water resources carrying capacity in the future focuses on: using the empirical formula method to calculate the national water resources carrying capacity and system analysis method for detailed calculation; constructing the calculation model of water resources carrying capacity and forewarning system platform; studying the dynamic carrying capacity of water resources under the changing environment; and considering the current achievements of water resources regulation and the balance development of water resources and economic society.
2015,35(3):11-18, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2015.03.003
Abstract:
Fecal Coliform (FC) concentration in surface waters, such as, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and coastal areas, of China was surveyed based on literatures published since 1980s. From the survey, the temporal variation and the spatial distribution of FC concentration is analyzed, and then influencing factors on distribution characteristics of FC are systematically discussed. The results demonstrate that FC concentration is generally high throughout the surface waters in China, which indicates that the waters suffer a severe microbial contamination. Rivers are most severely contaminated among different water bodies while reservoirs are cleanest. The concentration of FC shows significant inter-annual and intra-annual fluctuations, with the concentration in wet seasons being much greater than that in dry seasons. There is no obvious distribution pattern of FC concentration between southern and northern waters, while the FC concentration in eastern areas is obviously greater than that in western areas. The FC concentration in lower reaches of rivers is greater than that in the upper reaches, and the FC concentration near shore is greater than offshore. These indicate that human actions significantly increase the concentration of FC. Rainfall-runoff has a significant impact on the temporal variation and spatial distribution of FC. Besides, many other physical-chemical factors, including organic content, trophic level, salinity, and temperature of water are also responsible for the spatial distribution and temporal variation of concentration of FC.
Fecal Coliform (FC) concentration in surface waters, such as, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and coastal areas, of China was surveyed based on literatures published since 1980s. From the survey, the temporal variation and the spatial distribution of FC concentration is analyzed, and then influencing factors on distribution characteristics of FC are systematically discussed. The results demonstrate that FC concentration is generally high throughout the surface waters in China, which indicates that the waters suffer a severe microbial contamination. Rivers are most severely contaminated among different water bodies while reservoirs are cleanest. The concentration of FC shows significant inter-annual and intra-annual fluctuations, with the concentration in wet seasons being much greater than that in dry seasons. There is no obvious distribution pattern of FC concentration between southern and northern waters, while the FC concentration in eastern areas is obviously greater than that in western areas. The FC concentration in lower reaches of rivers is greater than that in the upper reaches, and the FC concentration near shore is greater than offshore. These indicate that human actions significantly increase the concentration of FC. Rainfall-runoff has a significant impact on the temporal variation and spatial distribution of FC. Besides, many other physical-chemical factors, including organic content, trophic level, salinity, and temperature of water are also responsible for the spatial distribution and temporal variation of concentration of FC.
2016,36(3):1-4, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2016.03.001
Abstract:
The characteristics and advantages of the big data method are discussed in this paper. In the method, mathematical formulas are replaced by intensive data in order to precisely describe the temporal and spatial variation of hydrological phenomena or the solution of a differential equation. The reasons why hydrology needs big data and technical support for obtaining hydrological big data are also discussed. The big data method may inspire the innovation of scientific thinking and become a way of solving complex problems in hydrology.
The characteristics and advantages of the big data method are discussed in this paper. In the method, mathematical formulas are replaced by intensive data in order to precisely describe the temporal and spatial variation of hydrological phenomena or the solution of a differential equation. The reasons why hydrology needs big data and technical support for obtaining hydrological big data are also discussed. The big data method may inspire the innovation of scientific thinking and become a way of solving complex problems in hydrology.
Journal information
- Supervisory Authority
教育部
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河海大学
- Editor-in-Chief
顾冲时
- Address：
南京西康路1号 河海大学《水利水电科技进展》编辑部
- Postcode：
210098
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025-83786335
- E-mail：
jz@hhu.edu.cn
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1006-7647
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Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources ® 2026 All Rights ReservedAddress：南京 河海大学《水利水电科技进展》编辑部Postcode：210098Tel：025-83786335
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