According to the groundwater quality survey results of 211 wells in the study region, the authors of this article analyzed the distribution characteristics, evolution law, and hydro-chemical characteristics of high fluoride groundwater, and the leading condition of high fluorine water formation, the main factors of influencing the fluorine concentration as well. The results show that fluoride concentrations in the shallow groundwater of the area has a rising trend as the bury of groundwater increases; the main chemical types of groundwater are HCO₃-Na·Mg and HCO₃-Na alkaline water; the environmental condition that controls fluoride enrichment is alkali water chemical environment; fluoride concentration in groundwater has positive correlation with Na⁺concentration, having negative correlation with concentration of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃; besides the natural factor, frequent human activities also affect the change of fluoride concentration in water.