Xinjiang is a typical arid area where the current total water consumption of the economic society has already exceeded the water consumption control red line issued by the State Council. The author of this paper analyzed the present situation of water consumption in Xinjiang, and forecasted the dire circumstances of water consumption in the future. Combined with the special and complex politics, economy and history of Xinjiang, and according to the assessment requirements of the strictest water resources management system, the author thought that we should take the principle of “efficient utilization, being good for stability, propulsion stage by stage, up to the standard in the future”, and determine a set of water consumption assessment index system and scoring method that accord with the situation of Xinjiang.