In this paper, we discuss waterfront landscape planning and design for the construction scheme of a water ecological civilization in small basins, and put forward the basic principles, design concept, and technical route for waterfront landscape planning and design in small basins. Using the Lujiang River Basin as a case study, we develop a waterfront landscape design scheme of two belts and one axis. The study shows that waterfront landscape planning and design in small basins can integrate the water ecosystem with people’s lives and enables the reappearance of diverse cultural customs and natural landscapes. It can also propel the construction of a water ecological civilization; landscape planning and design is dependent on water ecological civilization, and vice versa.