In order to determine water pollution characteristics of the Shenfu section of the Hunhe River and improve the effectiveness of water environmental treatment, a water environmental investigation was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016. The survey data included pH, conductivity, COD, NH₃-N, BOD, and COD_Mn in the wet, normal, and dry seasons, and the improved comprehensive water quality identification index method was used to identify the main pollution factors and analyze the characteristics of temporal and spatial variations of water pollution in the Shenfu section of the Hunhe River. The results show that the pH value ranged from 6. 42 to 7. 92 within a hydrological year, which is suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms. The conductivity was highest in the dry season and lowest in the wet season. Affected by point source pollution from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, the comprehensive water quality of the monitoring sections in the study area in the dry and normal seasons did not reach the standards. The overall water quality index of four water quality indices from upstream to downstream was increased, and pollution was gradually aggravated. The main pollution indices were COD and NH₃-N.