Water dispute existing in the seven trans-boundary rivers involved in the main water resources area of Southeast Asia and South Asia in the “Belt and Road” were introduced, and the potential impact of water disputes in trans-boundary rivers in the region on the “Belt and Road” was analyzed. And the research idea for the water disputes in the trans-boundary rivers in the region and the countermeasures for solving those water disputes were proposed, supporting the progress of the proposal “Belt and Road” in southeast Asia and South Asia.