The changing pattern of the Yangtze River shoreline utilization rate in Jiangsu Province from 2002 to 2018 was analyzed based on related data. Principal component analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze factors that may affect the Yangtze River shoreline utilization rate. The results show that the utilization rate of the Yangtze River shoreline in Jiangsu Province gradually increased with time, and the change of shoreline utilization rate can be divided into two stages. Before 2016, the increase in the utilization rate of the shoreline had a significant effect on promoting social and economic development; after 2016, more attention has been placed on the improvement of efficiency of shoreline utilization. It is also concluded that the number of employees, the number of factories, and the throughput of inland river ports are currently the most important factors of the utilization rate of the Yangtze River shoreline in Jiangsu Province. Through implementing the ecological and environmental protection measures of the Yangtze River shoreline, the industrial structure can be further optimized, the utilization efficiency of the shoreline can be improved, and the high-quality development of Jiangsu Province can be promoted.